A new hysteroscopic classification of and nomenclature for endometrial lesions

Transvaginal ultrasonography sonohysterography and operative hysteroscopy for the evaluation of abnormal uterine bleeding

“…Again, only suspicious looking areas were sampled. Only few studies establish criteria for what is considered to be endometrial hyperplasia or carcinoma (7,8), or even the difference between benign and atypical hyperplasia (6). Recently, case reports described endometrial cancers or atypical hyperplasias which were missed by operative hysteroscopy (18,19).…”

“…Dilatation and curettage (D&C) has been shown to have a significant false negative rate (1)(2)(3)(4). Several studies have suggested that hysteroscopy may im-prove the diagnostic rate of focal endometrial lesions (5) and there are an increasing number of descriptive studies that describe its performance in relation to endometrial pathology (6)(7)(8).…”

Transvaginal ultrasonography sonohysterography and operative hysteroscopy for the evaluation of abnormal uterine bleeding

“…Dilatation and curettage (D&C) has been shown to have a significant false negative rate (1–4). Several studies have suggested that hysteroscopy may improve the diagnostic rate of focal endometrial lesions (5) and there are an increasing number of descriptive studies that describe its performance in relation to endometrial pathology (6–8).…”

Pattern Recognition to Prognosticate Endometrial Cancer

“…They mentioned several markers for the evaluation of the endometrium including color, endometrial surface, and vascularization, but this point system failed to make a clinical impact even in 2 decades. 4 Recently, Vlachokosta et al 8 made an effort to classify normal versus pathological hysteroscopical images of endometrium using vessel and texture feature extraction and found that there was a strong discrimination between normal and pathological cases. Garuti et al reported 3 hysteroscopic patterns in 60 patients with EC including nodular, polypoid, and papillomatous patterns.…”

“…2 Low risk of endometrial neoplasm was the functional abnormalities and hyperplasia without atypia; and hyperplasia with atypia and adenocarcinoma were considered as high risk of endometrial neoplasm. 4 Endometrial cancer was diagnosed circumscribed and diffuse varieties of endometrial carcinomas with nodular, polypoid, papillomatous of mixed features filled the uterine cavity. 2 In total, 3211 women were normal, 236 women were identified with leiomyoma of the uterus, 702 women were suspected with benign endometrial neoplasm (without glomerular pattern), and 48 women were suspected with type I EC.…”