A new <i>Ninox</i> owl from Sumba, Indonesia

Olsen, Jerry; Sauer‐Gürth, Hedwig; Trost, Susan

doi:10.1071/mu02006

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…4: 4) is defined as an area of endemism mainly by its avifauna. It is a major centre of avian biodiversity, with 29 species (and 17 subspecies) endemic to the western Lesser Sunda Islands (Coates & Bishop, 1997; Linsley, Jones & Marsden, 1999; Verhoeye & Holmes, 1999; Olsen et al ., 2002; Trainor, 2003a, b; Trainor et al ., 2006). In general, the fauna as a whole can be described as depauperate and unbalanced when compared with that of the adjacent Sunda Shelf.…”

Section: Areas Of Endemism and Wallacean Biogeographical Units In Walmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biogeology of Wallacea: geotectonic models, areas of endemism, and natural biogeographical units

Michaux¹

2010

Biological Journal of the Linnean Society

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The concepts of biogeographical regions and areas of endemism are briefly reviewed prior to a discussion of what constitutes a natural biogeographical unit. It is concluded that a natural biogeographical unit comprises a group of endemic species that share a geological history. These natural biogeographical units are termed Wallacean biogeographical units in honour of the biogeographer A.R. Wallace. Models of the geological development of Indonesia and the Philippines are outlined. Areas of endemism within Wallacea are identified by distributional data, and their relationship to each other and to the adjacent continental regions are evaluated using molecular phylogenies from the literature. The boundaries of these areas of endemism are in broad agreement with earlier works, but it is argued that the Tanimbar Islands are biologically part of south Maluku, rather than the Lesser Sundas, and that Timor (plus Savu, Roti, Wetar, Damar, and Babar) and the western Lesser Sundas form areas of endemism in their own right. Wallacean biogeographical units within Wallacea are identified by congruence between areas of endemism and geological history. It is concluded that although Wallacea as a whole is not a natural biogeographical region, neither is it completely artificial as it is formed from a complex of predominantly Australasian exotic fragments linked by geological processes within a complex collision zone. The Philippines are argued to be an integral part of Wallacea, as originally intended. © 2010 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2010, 101, 193–212.

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Section: Areas Of Endemism and Wallacean Biogeographical Units In Walmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biogeology of Wallacea: geotectonic models, areas of endemism, and natural biogeographical units

Michaux¹

2010

Biological Journal of the Linnean Society

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“…Distributed from Asia to Australia, the species‐rich Ninox has received little molecular phylogenetic treatment (Norman et al. 1998, Olsen et al. 2002).…”

Section: Molecular Phylogeny and The New Zealand Avifaunamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The extant native Morepork also occurs in Australia, along with three other Ninox species. Distributed from Asia to Australia, the species-rich Ninox has received little molecular phylogenetic treatment (Norman et al 1998, Olsen et al 2002. Moreporks in NZ are closely related to other populations of this species, although slightly closer to the Norfolk Island than to the Tasmanian population (Norman et al 1998).…”

Section: Strigiformes (Owls)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Vicars, tramps and assembly of the New Zealand avifauna: a review of molecular phylogenetic evidence

Trewick

Gibb

2010

Ibis

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The avifauna of New Zealand is taxonomically and ecologically distinctive, as is typical of island biotas. However, the potential for an old geological age of New Zealand has encouraged a popular notion of a ‘Moa’s ark’ based on the idea that much of the fauna was isolated when Zealandia broke from Gondwana c. 83 million years ago. Molecular phylogenetics has proved useful for exploring the relative importance of different biogeographical processes, revealing for example that ‘tramp’ species (widely dispersing taxa) have arrived in New Zealand even in the last few hundred years, and that some avian taxa have close phylogenetic relatives overseas (predominantly Australian), indicating their recent ancestors were tramps, too. Distinctive taxa with deep phylogenetic ancestry might be ‘vicars’ that owe their presence to vicariance, but lack of close morphological, taxonomic and phylogenetic affinity provides only tenuous evidence for this. Disproving the alternative possibility that apparent vicars are descended from tramps that dispersed in earlier times remains challenging, but molecular analyses have yielded startling insights. Among New Zealand’s iconic taxa, the world’s largest eagle shared a Pleistocene ancestor with a small Australian eagle, and giant, flightless moa are phylogenetic sisters of the much smaller, flying tinamous of South America. The New Zealand avifauna is neither isolated nor stable, but demonstrative of prolonged and ongoing colonization, speciation and extinction.

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“…Note that snakes are potential predators of smaller carnivores, especially burrowing species, nocturnal species, and perhaps arboreal species but, we could not test this here primarily for lack of spatial data at a global scale for snakes. Most data on body mass, body length, diet, and activity were drawn from del Hoyo et al (1994Hoyo et al ( , 1999, and missing data were filled in using secondary sources (Gross 1944;Fitch 1947;Smeenk 1974;Korpimäki and Norrdahl 1989;Birdlife International 2001;Johnsgard 2002;Olsen et al 2002;König and Weick 2008;Birdlife International 2011;Seipke et al 2011). Habitat information was downloaded from IUCN (2011) and sorted into the same categories described above for carnivores.…”

Section: Avian Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological Drivers of Antipredator Defenses in Carnivores

Stankowich¹,

Haverkamp

Caro³

2014

Evolution

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Mammals have evolved several morphological and behavioral adaptations to reduce the risk of predation, but we know little about the ecological factors that favor their evolution. For example, some mammalian carnivores have the ability to spray noxious anal secretions in defense, whereas other species lack such weaponry but may instead rely on collective vigilance characteristic of cohesive social groups. Using extensive natural history data on 181 species in the order Carnivora, we created a new estimate of potential predation risk from mammals and birds of prey and used comparative phylogenetic methods to assess how different sources of predation risk and other ecological variables influence the evolution of either noxious weaponry or sociality in this taxon. We demonstrate that the evolution of enhanced spraying ability is favored by increased predation risk from other mammals and by nocturnality, but the evolution of sociality is favored by increased predation risk from birds of prey and by diurnality, which may allow for enhanced early visual detection. These results suggest that noxious defenses and sociality are alternative antipredator strategies targeting different predator guilds under different lighting conditions. K E Y W O R D S :Anal secretions, antipredator, birds of prey, Carnivora, predation risk, sociality.

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A new Ninox owl from Sumba, Indonesia

Cited by 16 publications

References 7 publications

Biogeology of Wallacea: geotectonic models, areas of endemism, and natural biogeographical units

Biogeology of Wallacea: geotectonic models, areas of endemism, and natural biogeographical units

Vicars, tramps and assembly of the New Zealand avifauna: a review of molecular phylogenetic evidence

Ecological Drivers of Antipredator Defenses in Carnivores

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