A New Immunoperoxidase Marker for Microglia in Paraffin Section

Miles, Janet M.; Chou, S. M.

doi:10.1097/00005072-198811000-00001

Cited by 33 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…It would therefore not be unreasonable to conclude that there might be at least two populations of microglial cells in the brain. The possible existence of different populations of microglia in the brain had also been suggested by previous work (Miles and Chou, 1988).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Amoeboid and ramified microglia: Their interrelationship and response to brain injury

Leong

Ling

1992

Glia

117

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Rio-Hortega's hypothesis that transiently appearing amoeboid microglia might become ramified microglia in the adult and that the latter could differentiate into brain macrophages in the event of brain damage could not be proved because of inherent limitations in existing techniques. The present investigation used a novel method of labelling the rat supraventricular amoeboid microglia with an enduring fluorescent marker, rhodamine B isothiocyanate, introduced intraperitoneally. Observation of their subsequent development showed that they became transformed into the ramified microglia. Both the amoeboid and ramified microglia were OX-42 positive, indicating their macrophage/monocyte lineage. Other microglia in the cerebral neocortex, which were also OX-42 positive, were not derived from any of the rhodamine-labelled cells. Rhodamine-labelled microglia did not migrate toward the site of a superficial cerebral injury. Following a deep lesion reaching the corpus callosum, greatly increased numbers of labelled amoeboid microglia were frequently observed at or near the lesion site. Large rhodamine-labelled cells, which were OX-42 positive, appeared at all lesioned sites, and such were most likely blood derived monocytes. The antigenicity of the ramified microglia became elevated when rhodamine B isothiocyanate was present intracellularly and even more so with the presence of a nearby intracerebral stab wound.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Amoeboid and ramified microglia: Their interrelationship and response to brain injury

Leong

Ling

1992

Glia

117

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“…High levels of the MARCKS protein are present in glial cells that resemble microglial cells and astrocytes, which may be difficult to distinguish on morphological criteria alone (Miles and Chou, 1988). Many glial cells that were immunoreactive for the MARCKS protein were clearly satellites of neurons (see,for example,Figs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, most of the immunoreactive glial cells encountered at the electron microscopic level contained rod-shaped nuclei, clumped chromatin and scant cytoplasm, also characteristic of the microglial cell type (Rio-Hortega, 1932;Cammermeyer, 1970). The MARCKS protein is also present in macrophages (Aderem et al, 1988), a cell type closely related to microglia (for review, see Miles and Chou, 1988), but its function in these cells is unknown.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Localization of the MARCKS (87 kDa) protein, a major specific substrate for protein kinase C, in rat brain

et al. 1990

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“…Angiotensinogen/angiotensin, AT1R, AT2R and PRR antibodies were combined with antibodies against tyrosine hydroxylase (TH; as a marker of dopaminergic neurons), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP; as a marker of astrocytes), and human HLA class II-DR (as a marker of both resting and reactive microglia; Miles and Chou 1988; Verina et al 2011). Neuromelanin granules detected by bright-field microscopy co-localized with TH in human SNc sections, and were also used as markers of dopaminergic neurons.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of angiotensinogen and receptors for angiotensin and prorenin in the monkey and human substantia nigra: an intracellular renin–angiotensin system in the nigra

et al. 2012

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We have previously obtained in rodents a considerable amount of data suggesting a major role for the brain renin–angiotensin system (RAS) in dopaminergic neuron degeneration and potentially in Parkinson’s disease. However, the presence of a local RAS has not been demonstrated in the monkey or the human substantia nigra compacta (SNc). The present study demonstrates the presence of major RAS components in dopaminergic neurons, astrocytes and microglia in both the monkey and the human SNc. Angiotensin type 1 and 2 and renin–prorenin receptors were located at the surface of dopaminergic neurons and glial cells, as expected for a tissular RAS. However, angiotensinogen and receptors for angiotensin and renin–prorenin were also observed at the cytoplasm and nuclear level, which suggests the presence of an intracrine or intracellular RAS in monkey and human SNc. Although astrocytes and microglia were labeled for angiotensin and prorenin receptors in the normal SNc, most glial cells appeared less immunoreactive than the dopaminergic neurons. However, our previous studies in rodent models of PD and studies in other animal models of brain diseases suggest that the RAS activity is significantly upregulated in glial cells in pathological conditions. The present results together with our previous findings in rodents suggest a major role for the nigral RAS in the normal functioning of the dopaminergic neurons, and in the progression of the dopaminergic degeneration.

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A New Immunoperoxidase Marker for Microglia in Paraffin Section

Cited by 33 publications

References 0 publications

Amoeboid and ramified microglia: Their interrelationship and response to brain injury

Amoeboid and ramified microglia: Their interrelationship and response to brain injury

Localization of the MARCKS (87 kDa) protein, a major specific substrate for protein kinase C, in rat brain

Expression of angiotensinogen and receptors for angiotensin and prorenin in the monkey and human substantia nigra: an intracellular renin–angiotensin system in the nigra

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