Computational Intelligence (CI) techniques are being increasingly used for automatic monitoring and control systems, especially regarding industrial and environmental applications, due to their performance, their capabilities in fusing noisy or incomplete data obtained from heterogeneous sensors, and the ability in adapting to variations in the operational conditions. Moreover, the increase in the computational power and the decrease of the size of the computing architectures allowed a more pervasive use of CI techniques in a great variety of situations. In this paper, we propose a brief review of the most important CI techniques applied in each step of the design of a monitoring and control system for industrial and environmental applications, and describe how these techniques are integrated in the development of efficient industrial and environmental applications.