A New Leaf Spot of Pepper Caused by<i>Cladosporium oxysporum</i>

Hammouda, A. M.

doi:10.1094/pd-76-0536

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Notes : Cladosporium oxysporum is well-characterised by a combination of nodulose conidiophores, as in C. herbarum and allied species, and relatively small, smooth conidia. It is a rather common and widespread saprobic hyphomycete, especially in tropical and subtropical areas, inhabiting a wide range of ecological niches, including dead parts of leaves and stems of herbaceous and woody plants, also as secondary invader on necrotic leaf lesions caused by other fungi, and living host plants on which it has been recorded to induce leaf spots ( Fisher 1967 , Hammouda 1992 , Lamboy & Dillard 1997 ). Type material of C. oxysporum has been re-examined, described and illustrated by McKemy & Morgan-Jones ( 1991b ) and David ( 1997 ), confirming the interpretation of the species by Ellis ( 1971 ) to be accurate.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The genus Cladosporium

Bensch¹,

Braun

Groenewald

et al. 2012

Studies in Mycology

616

489

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A monographic revision of the hyphomycete genus Cladosporium s. lat. ( Cladosporiaceae, Capnodiales ) is presented. It includes a detailed historic overview of Cladosporium and allied genera, with notes on their phylogeny, systematics and ecology. True species of Cladosporium s. str. (anamorphs of Davidiella ), are characterised by having coronate conidiogenous loci and conidial hila, i.e., with a convex central dome surrounded by a raised periclinal rim. Recognised species are treated and illustrated with line drawings and photomicrographs (light as well as scanning electron microscopy). Species known from culture are described in vivo as well as in vitro on standardised media and under controlled conditions. Details on host range/substrates and the geographic distribution are given based on published accounts, and a re-examination of numerous herbarium specimens. Various keys are provided to support the identification of Cladosporium species in vivo and in vitro . Morphological datasets are supplemented by DNA barcodes (nuclear ribosomal RNA gene operon, including the internal transcribed spacer regions ITS1 and ITS2, the 5.8S nrDNA, as well as partial actin and translation elongation factor 1-α gene sequences) diagnostic for individual species. In total 993 names assigned to Cladosporium s. lat ., including Heterosporium (854 in Cladosporium and 139 in Heterosporium ), are treated, of which 169 are recognized in Cladosporium s. str . The other taxa are doubtful, insufficiently known or have been excluded from Cladosporium in its current circumscription and re-allocated to other genera by the authors of this monograph or previous authors. Taxonomic novelties: Cladosporium allicinum (Fr.: Fr.) Bensch, U. Braun & Crous, comb. nov., C. astroideum var. catalinense U. Braun, var. nov., Fusicladium tectonicola (Yong H. He & Z.Y. Zhang) U. Braun & Bensch, comb. nov., Septoidium uleanum (Henn.) U. Braun, comb. nov., Zasmidium adeniae (Hansf.) U. Braun, comb. nov., Zasmidium dianellae (Sawada & Katsuki) U. Braun, comb. nov., Zasmidium lythri (Westend.) U. Braun & H.D. Shin, comb. nov., Zasmidium wikstroemiae (Petch) U. Braun, comb. nov.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The genus Cladosporium

Bensch¹,

Braun

Groenewald

et al. 2012

Studies in Mycology

616

489

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Cladosporium oxysporum causes chlorotic spots, which develop further to brown lesions on the leaves of pepper and tomato (Hammouda, ; Lamboy & Dillard, ). However, there is little information about pathogenicity of C. oxysporum on carrot.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungi infecting cultivated moss can also cause diseases in crop plants

Lehtonen

Marttinen

Akita

et al. 2012

Annals of Applied Biology

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Bryophytes (mosses) are non‐vascular plants inhabited by a large number of fungal species, but whether mosses can act as reservoirs of fungal pathogens of crop plants has gained little attention. A few moss species including the Sunagoke moss (Racomitrium japonicum; family Grimmiaceae) are found to have modern economical applications in uses such as greening of urban environments. In a previous study, we identified fungi causing symptoms of varying severity in the commercially grown Sunagoke moss. The aim of this study was to test whether the same fungal isolates are pathogenic to vascular plants. An isolate of Fusarium avenaceum lethal to the Sunagoke moss caused root and crown rot in barley (Hordeum vulgare) and reduced germination of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and carrot (Daucus carota) grown in the infested soil. An isolate of Cladosporium oxysporum causing mild symptoms in moss reduced growth and caused reddening and premature death of carrot seedlings. On the other hand, isolates of Alternaria alternata and Fusarium oxysporum lethal to the Sunagoke moss caused no detectable symptoms in any tested vascular plant, suggesting specialisation of these isolates to moss. Chloroplast repositioning was observed in the neighbouring cells towards the initially infected cell following infection with F. avenaceum and A. alternata in Physcomitrella patens (family Funariaceae), a model moss used to study microscopic symptoms. Infection of P. patens with a non‐virulent Apiospora montagnei isolate induced formation of papillae in the moss cells, indicating activation of host defence as described in vascular plants. Results suggest that mosses and vascular plants may be linked by a common microbial interface constituted by pathogenic fungi. The findings have epidemiological implications that have gained little previous attention.

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