A New Lebanese Medication Adherence Scale: Validation in Lebanese Hypertensive Adults

Serhal, Rola Bou; Salameh, Pascale; Wakim, Najib G.; Issa, Carine; Kassem, Barada; Jaoude, Lena Abou; Saleh, Nadine

doi:10.1155/2018/3934296

Cited by 30 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Patients were classified into adherent or non-adherent using a cut-off point of 38 as in previous studies. Sensitivity and specificity of LMAS-14 were respectively 82.9% and 36.9% 26…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…This instrument is a new Lebanese scale to measure medication adherence by considering socio-economic and cultural factors related to the Lebanese culture. It was validated by Lebanese hypertensive patients and can be used to assess adherence to treatment in chronic diseases 26. The LMAS-14 contains 14 Likert scale questions with four answers each (coded from zero (less adherence) to three (high adherence)).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Evaluation of medication adherence among Lebanese diabetic patients

Mroueh¹,

Ayoub²,

El-Hajj³

et al. 2018

Pharm Pract (Granada)

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Background:Diabetes type 2 is considered one of the main public health concerns. Lack of adherence to treatment leads to poor therapeutic outcome, poor glycemic control, and high risk for developing diabetes complications.Objectives:The aim of this study is to evaluate adherence to oral antidiabetic medication in Diabetes type 2 Lebanese patients, and to evaluate factors leading to low adherence.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted in outpatients endocrinology clinics of two hospitals and four private clinics located in Beirut-Lebanon. Data was collected using a well-structured questionnaire by trained pharmacists. Adherence level was measured by the Lebanese Medication Adherence Scale (LMAS-14). Bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted using SPSS version 20.Results:Overall, 245 patients were included in the study with the majority being females (54.3%) and obese (47.8%). Only 29% of the participants had controlled glycemia (HbA1c <7%) with 31.8% of subjects had high adherence to their medication compared to 68.2% with low adherence. Increased working hours/day was associated with a decrease in adherence to oral antidiabetic medication (OR=0.31; 95% CI 0.11:0.88; p=0.029). Other factors significantly associated with decreased adherence to treatment were forgetfulness, high drug costs, complex treatment regimens, experiencing side effects, and perception of treatment inefficacy. Postponing physician office visits also decreased the probability of being adherent to oral antidiabetic medication (OR=0.36; 95% CI 0.15:0.86; p=0.022). Skipping or doubling the dose in case of hypo/hyperglycemia and the sensation of treatment burden also decreased medication adherence (OR=0.09; 95% CI 0.02:0.34; p=0.001, and OR=0.04; 95% CI 0.01:0.13; p<0.001 respectively).Conclusions:Adherence to oral antidiabetic medication is low for Lebanese patients, which leads to a poor glycemic control and increases the diabetes complications. Intervention programs including patient education strategies are essential to improve medication adherence.

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“…Patients were classified into adherent or non-adherent using a cut-off point of 38 as in previous studies. Sensitivity and specificity of LMAS-14 were respectively 82.9% and 36.9% 26…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of medication adherence among Lebanese diabetic patients

Mroueh¹,

Ayoub²,

El-Hajj³

et al. 2018

Pharm Pract (Granada)

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Self‐reported adherence to oral antidiabetic medication was determined during the interview using the LMAS‐14 . This instrument was first validated in hypertensive patients and can be used to assess adherence to treatment in chronic diseases.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Score can range from zero (lowest adherence) to 42 (highest adherence). Classification of patients into adherent or non‐adherent was done using a cut‐off point of 38 as in previous studies …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of antidiabetic medication adherence in the Lebanese population: development of the Lebanese Diabetes Medication Adherence Scale

Ayoub

Mroueh

El-Hajj

et al. 2019

International Journal of Pharmacy Practice

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Objective To evaluate factors affecting adherence to oral antidiabetic treatment in the Lebanese population and to develop the Diabetes Medication Adherence Scale (DMAS) based on these factors. Methods A cross‐sectional study was conducted on a sample of Lebanese diabetic patients. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire. The level of adherence was measured using the Lebanese Medication Adherence Scale (LMAS‐14). Bivariate analyses and multivariable analysis was done using SPSS. Psychometric evaluation of DMAS included an assessment of internal consistency, factor analysis, evaluation of sensitivity and specificity. Criterion‐related validity was assessed by comparison with LMAS‐14 measure of adherence. Key findings A total of 500 patients were recruited. 39.2% were adherent to treatment. Long working hours, increased number of oral antidiabetic medication per day, drug discontinuation when travelling, longer duration of diabetes and treatment burden were among factors that decreased adherence. While understanding the treatment regimen, following up physician recommendations and following up the recommended diet contributed to good medication adherence. The final 7‐item scale (DMAS) had a good internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.612) and a good correlation and agreement with LMAS‐14 (Spearman’s rho = 0.699, Cohen’s kappa = 0.566). Patients with high DMAS scores were significantly more likely to have controlled glycaemia (P < 0.05). Sensitivity and specificity reached 70.39% and 51.47%, respectively. Conclusion Adherence to oral antidiabetic treatment is suboptimal in Lebanon. The DMAS is a reliable instrument for assessing adherence and predicting poor glycaemic control in clinical practice, but requires further validation in other populations.

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“…INSPECT-LB also provides researchers and pharmacists with tools necessary for research, validated scales and quality checklists (INSPECT-LB, 2021). Moreover, INSPECT-LB researchers have validated several scales related to the profession, such as the Computer literacy scale for pharmacists (Hallit, Tawil, et al, 2020b) and the Lebanese Medication Adherence Scale (Bou Serhal et al, 2018;Ibrahim et al, 2020 . The socioeconomic level of candidates affects their choice of a public or private university, noting the possible but limited financial aids and scholarships in private universities.…”

Section: Dg9[s]-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacy education, workforce, practice, and sciences in Lebanon: Benchmarking with the FIP Development Goals

Sacre¹,

Akel

Zeenny

et al. 2021

Pharm Educ

Self Cite

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Background: In 2020, the International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP) published a set of 21 global development goals (DGs) that bring together workforce/education [W], practice [P], and science [S] in a transformative framework, defining an improved and more advanced pharmacy profession for the next decade. This paper aims to benchmark the context of the Lebanese pharmacy profession with the respective elements of the FIP DGs to optimise the previously suggested strategic plan. Methods: A group of pharmacy researchers with extensive academic, professional, and post-educational experience endeavoured to map the FIP DGs with the work produced in Lebanon, describing the current situation. The documents mapped were sought from published literature and white papers developed by academia and the Order of Pharmacists of Lebanon (OPL), the national pharmacists’ association. Results: This study found that efforts are necessary to bridge the gap between the current situation of the pharmacy profession in Lebanon and optimal practice. In the short term, existing projects should be immediately implemented, e.g. pharmacy curricula reforms and accreditation, post-graduate training, recognising pharmacy specialities, organising the profession, and assessing advanced competencies. In parallel, related policies and regulations should be updated. Cultural changes, involving closer ties between education and practice, are required to reform the pharmacy profession. In the medium term, a national research strategy, including early-career scientists mentoring and assessment tools validation, is necessary. Digitalising the patient profile and medication safety reporting and updating the pharmacists’ database through appropriate platforms are also essential steps toward modernising pharmacy. Conclusion: Authorities and stakeholders should combine and coordinate efforts to implement existing plans and develop necessary strategies for optimizing pharmacy education, workforce, practice, and research, which is expected to bridge the gap between the challenging current situation of the profession in Lebanon and its optimal future development, for the best of the pharmacist and the patient’s health.

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A New Lebanese Medication Adherence Scale: Validation in Lebanese Hypertensive Adults

Cited by 30 publications

References 28 publications

Evaluation of medication adherence among Lebanese diabetic patients

Evaluation of medication adherence among Lebanese diabetic patients

Evaluation of antidiabetic medication adherence in the Lebanese population: development of the Lebanese Diabetes Medication Adherence Scale

Pharmacy education, workforce, practice, and sciences in Lebanon: Benchmarking with the FIP Development Goals

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