A new look at the schema therapy model: organization and role of early maladaptive schemas

Abstract

This study reexamined the organization of Young's 18 early maladaptive schemas and their hypothesized associations with experiences of need-thwarting parental experiences in childhood and the "vulnerable child" mode of emotional distress in adulthood. A large Danish sample (N = 1054) of 658 clinical- and 391 nonclinical adults completed measures of early maladaptive schemas, parenting styles, and the vulnerable child mode. We identified four higher-order schema domains as most appropriate in terms of interpretability and empirical indices ("Disconnection & Rejection", "Impaired Autonomy & Performance", "Excessive Responsibility & Standards", and "Impaired Limits"). All four schema domains were differentially associated with conceptually relevant need-thwarting parental experiences. Apart from "Impaired Limits", the schema domains meaningfully accounted for the association between need-thwarting parental experiences in childhood and emotional states of feeling like a "vulnerable child" in adulthood. We conclude that four domains of early maladaptive schemas are empirically and conceptually consistent with Young's schema therapy model of personality pathology and longstanding emotional disorders. Findings warrant replication using different populations and if possible a prospective multi-method design. A scoring key for computing the four schema domains is provided.

Cuestionario de esquemas de Young CEY-S3: Propiedades psicométricas en una muestra chilena mixta

“…La otra razón es que en estos momentos existe una discusión en relación al número de dimensiones que agruparían a los esquemas. Los resultados de los análisis de segundo orden de las distintas versiones del CEY no apoyarían las cinco dimensiones de agrupación de los esquemas propuestas por el modelo teórico original (Cid, 2016) y en cambio sí un modelo de cuatro dimensiones que serían Desconexión y Rechazo, Deterioro en la Autonomía y Rendimiento, Excesiva Responsabilidad y Metas, Deterioro en los Límites (Bach, Lockwood & Young, 2017).…”

Elucidating DSM-5 and ICD-11 Diagnostic Features of Borderline Personality Disorder Using Schemas and Modes

“…The patients were required to rate each item on a 6-point scale (from “completely untrue of me” to “describes me perfectly”). A substantial body of research suggests that the YSQ-S3 is a sound instrument for measuring schemas, including factorial validity and test-retest stability as well as convergent and discriminant validity [26, 32-35]. A psychometric evaluation of the Danish version of YSQ-S3 supports the reliability and factorial validity of the 18 schema scales as well as convergence with DSM-5 Section II PD and Section III pathological traits in conceptually coherent ways [14, 36, 37].…”

“…Schemas are defined as internal constructs that include enduring themes about ourselves, the world, and other people, which are products of interactions among innate temperament and unmet core childhood needs (e.g., the need for a secure base). Schema therapy conceptualizes this interaction in terms of a differential vulnerability model, which is also empirically supported [20-26]. In contrast to the traditional CBT definition of “schemata” or “core beliefs,” early maladaptive schemas include memories, emotions, cognitions, and physiological sensations that originate in childhood and adolescence and are expounded through a person’s lifetime.…”

Domínios Esquemáticos Apresentados por Mulheres em Situação de Violência Conjugal

“…Em síntese, para cada necessidade emocional não atendida, há um conjunto de crenças e respostas emocionais compensatórias, que, para Jeffrey Young, podem ser conceitualmente compreendidas a partir dos domínios esquemáticos e seus respectivos EID's. Estudos recentes têm apoiado este modelo conceitual, evidenciando a associação entre as necessidades não satisfeitas na infância e a maior sensação de vulnerabilidade na vida adulta (Bach, Lockwood, & Young, 2017). Outros fatores característicos dessas famílias envolvem a falta de validação das emoções e de espaço para lazer, por estabelecerem limites rígidos de controle (Young, 2003).…”