A New Look at Vaccine Strategies Against PPRV Focused on Adenoviral Candidates

Abstract

Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) is a virus that mainly infects goats and sheep causing significant economic loss in Africa and Asia, but also posing a serious threat to Europe, as recent outbreaks in Georgia (2016) and Bulgaria (2018) have been reported. In order to carry out the eradication of PPRV, an objective set for 2030 by the Office International des Epizooties (OIE) and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), close collaboration between governments, pharmaceutical companies, farmers and researchers, among others, is needed. Today, more than ever, as seen in the response to the SARS-CoV2 pandemic that we are currently experiencing, these goals are feasible. We summarize in this review the current vaccination approaches against PPRV in the field, discussing their advantages and shortfalls, as well as the development and generation of new vaccination strategies, focusing on the potential use of adenovirus as vaccine platform against PPRV and more broadly against other ruminant pathogens.

Can the Revolution in mRNA-Based Vaccine Technologies Solve the Intractable Health Issues of Current Ruminant Production Systems?

“…The current PPRV MLVs induce cross-lineage protection, and this is reported to last for at least three years postvaccination [ 147 ]. As with other members of the Paramyxoviridae family, the fusion and hemagglutinin proteins are the key protective antigens from a vaccine development perspective.…”

“…There are also numerous reports describing the development of a viral-vectored vaccine for the PPRV. While proposing the use of an adenovirus vector for the PPRV, Rojas et al [ 147 ] recently summarized the virus vectors tested for the delivery of the fusion and hemagglutinin proteins; as such, this will not be repeated here, other than to state that PPRV-vectored vaccines using vaccinia virus, fowlpox virus, capripox virus, bovine herpesvirus 4, Newcastle disease virus, human adenovirus, and canine adenovirus have all been investigated [ 147 ].…”

Diagnosis of Ruminant Viral Diseases with Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification

“…PPR disease is responsible for major economic losses and thus, the World Organization of Animal Health (OIE) and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) runs a campaign to globally eradicate PPRV until 2030 [ 94 ]. Although live-attenuated vaccines are available against PPRV, they have certain drawbacks and outbreaks continue to be seen in Africa, Asia, and Europe [ 95 ].…”

Carboplatin restricts peste des petits ruminants virus replication by suppressing the STING-mediated autophagy

“…Since the first report of PPR by Gargadennec and Lalanne in Côte d'Ivoire in 1942, the disease has spread so alarmingly that its geographical distribution has expanded through over 70 countries in Africa, the Middle and Near East, South Asia, and China (9)(10)(11). Outbreaks of PPR in Georgia (2016) and Bulgaria (2018) have been reported, posing a serious threat to Europe (12). Currently, about 80% of world's sheep and goat populations are threatened by PPR (11,13).…”