A new macroeconomic measure of human capital exploiting PISA and PIAAC: Linking education policies to productivity

doi:10.1787/a1046e2e-en

Cited by 3 publications

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“…Unless we have good direct measures of the relevant knowledge and skills of the entire population -which we surely do not, except possibly for very recent years -we need to measure as well as possible both dimensions of the stock of educational capital and use them jointly in empirical analysis. A promising possibility in this line consists in adjusting years of schooling for quality, as has been done in some recent studies using alternative procedures (see for instance, Angrist et al, 2019;Filmer et al, 2020;Glawe & Wagner, 2022, or Égert et al, 2022, although the scarcity of data implies that stock quality measures will generally have no time variation, which will limit their usefulness in empirical analyses and other applications. (2006).…”

Section: Indicators Of Educational Quality: Potential Uses and Limita...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross‐country data on skills and the quality of schooling: A selective survey

Fuente

Doménech

2022

Journal of Economic Surveys

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Scores in standardized international student achievement tests and some recent adult literacy studies provide interesting data on the quality of educational outputs and on the skill level of the population that can be a useful complement to the data on the quantity of schooling which have been most commonly used in the growth literature. This paper describes the most recent available primary data on the subject, reviews different attempts to organize, standardize and summarize them, and discusses the strengths and weaknesses of the existing indicators and their potential usefulness as explanatory variables in empirical analyses of the determinants of income and welfare levels and growth rates. A final section investigates the distribution of these indicators across a sample of 21 core OECD countries. JEL-Codes: O400, I200.

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Section: Indicators Of Educational Quality: Potential Uses and Limita...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross‐country data on skills and the quality of schooling: A selective survey

Fuente

Doménech

2022

Journal of Economic Surveys

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Beyond the bottom line: assessing the social return on investment of a disability-inclusive social enterprise

Hutchinson,

Lester,

Coram

et al. 2024

SEJ

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Purpose Though qualitative evidence of social impact exists for disability-inclusive social enterprise, there is a dearth of quantitative economic impact on their social impact. This study aims to address this gap and investigate the appropriateness and usefulness of social return on investment (SROI) methodology in this context. Design/methodology/approach Primary data was collected from people with disabilities, their families, staff at the parent company (an Australian Disability Enterprise [ADE]), social investors and other key stakeholders (n = 17). The study was also informed by the literature and a steering group to provide expert opinion when no other data existed to inform estimates. Sensitivity analysis was performed to check the robustness of the analysis. Findings Social return was estimated at $1.47–$2.65 for every $1 invested (over 3 years) and $8.48–$12.63 (20 years). Some forecast assumptions significantly impacted upon final ratios and need to be tested. How SROI ratios are received by social investors, the ADE sector and government remains untested. However, the political climate suggests ADEs adopting social enterprise models will be well received if they can deliver, and demonstrate through robust measurement, sustainable open employment opportunities. Originality/value Few studies exist that estimate the social impact of social enterprises supporting open employment of people with disabilities. At a time when ADEs (sheltered workshops) have been heavily criticised for providing repetitive, menial work for top up wages on welfare payments, the outputs from this research may provide valuable data to an ADE sector in transition as well as social investors and policy makers who increasingly require robust measurement of impact.

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Diversion of Personal Income Tax Credits for the Professional Growth of Human Capital

Jurušs,

Galilejeva,

Šmite-Roķe

2023

International Scientific Conference „Business and Management“

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Productivity is one of the main factors for economic growth and competitiveness and is widely used in national performance assessments and international comparisons. Human capital is one of the most important factors in increasing productivity. Investment in human capital is needed to increase productivity. From the government side, this can be achieved through tax policy, which include not only personal income taxes, but also tax rebates and refunds, as well as tax credits. To find the most efficient action model, it is necessary to find a tool to assess the impact of tax initiatives on productivity. The aim of this study is to assess whether and how tax policy could further improve productivity, particularly by development of human capital. The study’s authors used multiple non-linear regression method to evaluate impact of tax initiatives to labour productivity. The objective of the study is to assess the impact of taxes on productivity and possible tax credits or other more optimal tax solutions, to assess the potential personal income tax initiatives for professional growth. The study’s findings indicate that personal income tax rebates should be modified more economically than socially to encourage the professional development of human capital and increase labour productivity. The results for the Baltic States indicate that by granting a tax credit and lowering taxes by one percent, productivity might increase by two to three percent, while in countries with higher initial productivity levels, the impact is significantly smaller or even neutral.

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A new macroeconomic measure of human capital exploiting PISA and PIAAC: Linking education policies to productivity

Abstract: OECD Working Papers should not be reported as representing the official views of the OECD or its member countries. The opinions expressed and arguments employed are those of the author(s).

Cited by 3 publications

References 23 publications

Cross‐country data on skills and the quality of schooling: A selective survey

Cross‐country data on skills and the quality of schooling: A selective survey

Beyond the bottom line: assessing the social return on investment of a disability-inclusive social enterprise

Diversion of Personal Income Tax Credits for the Professional Growth of Human Capital

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