A New Measure of Anti‐Arab Prejudice: Reliability and Validity Evidence

Echebarria-Echabe, Agustín; Guede, Emilia Fernández

doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.2007.00200.x

Cited by 52 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Hate crimes against Muslims in the U.S. have increased by 6,000% from pre-9/11 levels in 2000 (FBI, 2010 report) and strong negative explicit and implicit attitudes for Arabs and Muslims have been demonstrated (Echebarria-Echabe & Guede, 2007;Hutchison & Rosenthal, 2011;Park, Felix, & Lee, 2007). In Experiment 1, participants read either a full narrative or a condensed narrative about a strong-willed Muslim woman.…”

Section: Current Studymentioning

confidence: 94%

Reading Narrative Fiction Reduces Arab-Muslim Prejudice and Offers a Safe Haven From Intergroup Anxiety

Johnson¹,

Jasper²,

Griffin³

et al. 2013

Social Cognition

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Inquiry into the written narrative's effect on social cognition is normally left to literary scholars and philosophers. Two experiments demonstrated narrative fiction's power to elicit empathy and reduce implicit and explicit prejudice against Arab-Muslims. Participants were randomly assigned to read a full narrative, condensed narrative, or a non-narrative. critically, the full and condensed narratives were matched on counterstereotypical exemplars and exposure to Arab-Muslim culture so that the additional reduction in prejudice in the full narrative condition represented the unique power of the narrative. The narrative was particularly effective at reducing implicit prejudice in low dispositional perspective-takers. Partially explaining this effect, the narrative appeared to provide a safe haven from intergroup anxiety so that they could use perspective-taking to reduce prejudice. These findings demonstrate the narrative's power to induce spontaneous empathy and perspective-taking and consequently reduce implicit and explicit prejudice.

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Section: Current Studymentioning

confidence: 94%

Reading Narrative Fiction Reduces Arab-Muslim Prejudice and Offers a Safe Haven From Intergroup Anxiety

Johnson¹,

Jasper²,

Griffin³

et al. 2013

Social Cognition

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The first questionnaire was a 42-new-items anti-Arab attitudes' scale designed by Echebarria and Fernandez (2004). Participants also fulfilled the Altemeyer's Right-Wing Authoritarianism scale (1996) and a reduced version (15 items) of the Adorno et al's (1950/82) anti-Semitism scale.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of terrorism on attitudes and ideological orientation

Echebarria-Echabe

Fernández-Guede

2006

Eur. J. Soc. Psychol.

258

169

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A quasi-experimental study on the effects of terrorism on racial prejudice and ideological orientation is presented. Two independent samples were contacted before and after the Islamic terrorist attacks against railways in Madrid (11 March 2004). Anti-Arab and anti-Semite prejudices, authoritarianism and ideological orientations (liberal against conservative) were evaluated. Results showed that those terrorist attacks provoked changes in a reactionary and conservative direction: stronger prejudices not only against the target group (Arabs), but against another uninvolved group (Jewish); an increase in authoritarianism; stronger attachment to traditional conservative values, and a reduction in the attachment to liberal values. The results are interpreted in terms of the System-Justification Theory, the Motivated Social Cognition model of Conservatism and the Right-Wing Authoritarianism.

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“…The IS was expected to be correlated with MR, which is a subtle form of racism (McConahay, 1986), because modern racists are characterized by their prejudice toward a wide range of minority groups, such as Arabs (Echebarria-Echabe & Guede, 2007), African Americans, and Jews (Dunbar, 2003). Modern racists are also unique in their tendency to believe in outgroup stereotypes (Van Ommeren & Ishu Ishiyama, 1998 A core construct in the psychology of religion that is conceptually related to Islamophobia is religious fundamentalism (RF), which refers to the belief that one's own religion contains the only truth about humanity and deity (B.…”

Section: Study 1: Confirmatory Factor Analyses Test-retest Reliabilimentioning

confidence: 99%

Fear of Muslims: Psychometric evaluation of the Islamophobia Scale.

Lee¹,

Reid²,

Short³

et al. 2013

Psychology of Religion and Spirituality

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The Islamophobia Scale (IS) is a self-report measure of an individual's fear-related attitudes toward Muslims and the religion of Islam (S. to further validate the psychometric properties of the IS, the current study conducted a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and a test-retest reliability analysis (Study 1), a multitrait-multimethod (MTMM) study (Study 2), and an incremental validation study (Study 3). In addition, construct validity was examined across all of the studies using correlations with other instruments. The results demonstrated that the IS is reliable across time, is more factorially sound as a two-factor model, and is correlated with expected instruments. The MTMM demonstrated convergent and discriminant validity, rivaling forgiveness and right-wing authoritarianism (RWA) measures for the cognitive component, but not for the affective-behavioral component. However, the affective-behavioral component explained variance over and above RWA and Arab prejudice measures for sympathetic reactions to a suffering Muslim. Implications, limitations, and opportunities for future research are discussed.

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A New Measure of Anti‐Arab Prejudice: Reliability and Validity Evidence

Cited by 52 publications

References 35 publications

Reading Narrative Fiction Reduces Arab-Muslim Prejudice and Offers a Safe Haven From Intergroup Anxiety

Reading Narrative Fiction Reduces Arab-Muslim Prejudice and Offers a Safe Haven From Intergroup Anxiety

Effects of terrorism on attitudes and ideological orientation

Fear of Muslims: Psychometric evaluation of the Islamophobia Scale.

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