A new measure of growth efficiency: Skull base height

Jl, Angel

doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330580308

Cited by 43 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…This has a large number of bony elements and each can be affected by harmful environmental factors (Gawlikowska et al 2007a,b andGawlikowska et al 2010). In addition, it may signify insufficient nutrition during growth acting as a stress factor in accordance with Angel's (1982) observation that nutrition and health conditions influence skull-base development. In this regard, he reported that high skull-base fluctuating asymmetry levels are a sensitive measure of nutritional and disease-related stress during growth (Angel 1982).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

“…In addition, it may signify insufficient nutrition during growth acting as a stress factor in accordance with Angel's (1982) observation that nutrition and health conditions influence skull-base development. In this regard, he reported that high skull-base fluctuating asymmetry levels are a sensitive measure of nutritional and disease-related stress during growth (Angel 1982). The FA index value was medium in medium-sized measurements but higher for longer and very short measurements.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

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Analysis of interaction between nutritional and developmental instability in mediaeval population in Wrocław

Gawlikowska-Sroka

Dąbrowski

Szczurowski

et al. 2013

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In this paper, we test the hypothesis that indices of nutritional stress from enamel hypoplasia increase the incidence of indicators of developmental instability in fluctuating asymmetry, even in high social status individuals. The studied material consisted of a medieval sample of 58 skulls from the Wrocław area. Radiographs were taken in postero-anterior (P-A) and base projections. Images were scanned and calibrated by means of MicroStation 95 Academic Edition software, and measurements of the skull images were used to estimate fluctuating asymmetry. The presence of hypoplasia and caries was assessed using standard anthropological methods and all data was statistically analysed. The highest levels of fluctuating asymmetry were observed in the skull base region. Hypoplasia was observed in 40% and caries in 55.5%. Differences were noted in the level of fluctuating asymmetry in relationship to the presence or absence of hypoplasia, where a higher level predisposes individuals to enamel hypoplasia and a decline in buffering capacity, regardless of their socio-economic status.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Analysis of interaction between nutritional and developmental instability in mediaeval population in Wrocław

Gawlikowska-Sroka

Dąbrowski

Szczurowski

et al. 2013

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“…During the last century, nutritional quality has increased and physical activity has decreased, allowing the body more time for growth. One example of how this may have affected skull morphology may be seen in Angel's (1982) suggestion that cranial base height has increased since this region is less flattened in children by the weight of the brain. Some genetic factors may also be in play, however, in that the dramatic reduction in infant mortality over the last 150 years likely is relaxing selection, allowing for greater variability to exist in the gene pool (Jantz, 2001).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

An analysis of secular change in the human mandible over the last century

Martin

Danforth

2009

American J Hum Biol

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In light of several recent investigations that have identified notable secular change in cranial size and morphology over the last century, the present study addresses its possible effects in the mandible in U.S. populations. Standard measurements of 407 mandibles from the Terry (Smithsonian) and Hamann-Todd (Cleveland Museum of Natural History) Collections, which are primarily composed of individuals living in the early 20th century, were compared with those of 595 mandibles from the Forensic Anthropology Database (Tennessee), which is primarily composed of individuals living from the later part of the century. The t-tests between the two temporally-different samples by sex and race showed statistically significant decreases in mandibular body width and bigonial breadth as well as significant increases in mandibular body length in nearly all subgroups. White males showed the greatest amount of change, and Black females, the least. Overall, these findings support the conclusion that the mandible is transforming into a longer, narrower, more gracile bone, paralleling many of the morphological shifts seen in the cranium. Factors involved likely include changes in diet, medical care, and dental practices.

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“…Research carried out in the past (Neumann, 1942;Angel & Olney, 1981;Angel, 1982) proved that the height of the skull base is a sensitive and useful measure of developmental stress related mainly to nutritional deficiencies and child disease incidence. Until early childhood, the skull base remains a chondral structure.…”

Section: Skeletal Indications Of Early Developmental Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do environmental disturbances of an individual's growth and development influence the later bone involution processes? A study of two mediaeval populations

Rewekant¹

2001

Intl J of Osteoarchaeology

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Age-dependent cortical bone loss was studied in two mediaeval Polish populations differing with regard to socio-economic status, as well as the intensity of the occurrence of skeletal indicators of living conditions in the early stages of ontogenesis (compression of the skull base and the narrowing of the lumbar vertebral canal). Cortical bone loss was analysed on the basis of the radiographs of the second metacarpal. Cedynia population (better living conditions) is characterized by higher arithmetic means for the height of the skull base in comparison with Słaboszewo group (low socio-economic status). In the case of the vertebral canal index, significant interpopulation differences apply only to men. Similar patterns of difference between groups under study regarding bone loss was also found. It turned out that males from Cedynia had more bone mass in adultus and maturus age categories; in females, these differences concern only adultus category. The study involved an analysis of a relationship between the characteristics measuring reactions to environmental stress in early stages of growth and the intensity of bone loss in adult life. We believe that the results presented justify a conclusion that both phenomena may be interrelated to a considerable degree.

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A new measure of growth efficiency: Skull base height

Cited by 43 publications

References 25 publications

Analysis of interaction between nutritional and developmental instability in mediaeval population in Wrocław

Analysis of interaction between nutritional and developmental instability in mediaeval population in Wrocław

An analysis of secular change in the human mandible over the last century

Do environmental disturbances of an individual's growth and development influence the later bone involution processes? A study of two mediaeval populations

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