A new measurement protocol to differentiate sources of halitosis

Aydın, Murat; Özen, Murat Eren; Evlıce, Burcu; Ferguson, Matthew; Uzel, İ̇lter

doi:10.3109/00016357.2016.1163732

Cited by 13 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Both chlorine dioxide and zinc salts are biocidal and biostatic compounds that kill or reduce the growth and metabolism of biofilm species. Both are also strong oxidizing agents able to alter the biofilm redox and reduce the activity of cysteine desulfhydrase (the enzyme responsible for H 2 S production) (Aydin et al 2016). The higher (more oxidative) redox also inhibits cysteine-dependent protease activity, including trypsin-like protease from periodontal pathogens.…”

Section: Diagnostic Toolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Halitosis

Thoppay¹,

Filippi²,

Ciarrocca³

et al. 2017

Contemporary Oral Medicine

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Halitosis, commonly known as bad breath, is an unpleasant symptom that can present as a social problem compromising quality of life. This condition may affect individuals of all ages and may be a transient episode or a longlasting problem depending on the cause. In some cases, patients may present with pseudo-halitosis, whereby there is a belief that they have bad breath despite their malodor not being perceived or detected, either by those around them or by objective analysis. Halitosis can occur due to local factors, or in rare cases be attributed to systemic etiologies. For patients who present with halitosis exclusively from local oral factors, improving oral health including tongue cleaning, treating dry mouth and alleviating local causes, may be beneficial. For patients with a systemic etiology for their halitosis, a multidisciplinary management approach may be necessary.

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Section: Diagnostic Toolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Products effective for oral malodor reduction (Ref: http://www.tordent.com/pdfs/all%20handouts1.pdf;Aydin et al 2016;Shiyao et al 2015;De Luca-Monasterios et al 2014) …”

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confidence: 99%

Halitosis

Thoppay¹,

Filippi²,

Ciarrocca³

et al. 2017

Contemporary Oral Medicine

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“…There is no consensus on the threshold for pathologic halitosis. Although a socially intolerable level of halitosis is considered as an H 2 S concentration above 700 ppb, 21 pathological levels of 75, 100, 110, 125, 150, and 250 ppb have been established by investigators. 2 A total of 250 ppb (0.25 ppm) of H 2 S was considered as the threshold level for minimal pathologic halitosis.…”

Section: Criteria For Setting H2s Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is no consensus on the threshold for pathologic halitosis. Although a socially intolerable level of halitosis is considered as an H 2 S concentration above 700 ppb, 21 As a rule, a biologic effect occurs when a living organism is exposed to a toxic gas, the extent of which depends on many factors including minute volume and surface area of the extrathoracic region (nose, mouth, nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx, larynx). Since respiratory parameters greatly differ between humans and rats, the human threshold concentration for halitosis (250 ppb) must be converted to rat equivalent concentration by using the following formula: 22…”

Section: Criteria For Setting H 2 S Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural changes in periodontium of rats exposed to a low concentration of hydrogen sulfide for 50 days

et al. 2016

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The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of H 2 S inhalation at a low concentration (at human equivalent dose of pathologic halitosis) on rat periodontium over a long term (50 days). The threshold level of pathologic halitosis perceived by humans at 250 ppb of H 2 S was converted to rat equivalent concentration (4.15 ppm). Rats in the experimental (H 2 S) group (n = 8) were exposed to H 2 S continuously but not the control rats (n = 8). After 50 days, periodontal tissue samples were taken from the mandibular first molar region and examined histopathologically to determine inflammatory cell infiltration (ICI), osteoblastic activities, number of osteoclasts, and resorption lacunae. Sulcular epithelium layer destruction was observed in the H 2 S group. Frequency of ICI was significantly higher in the H 2 S group compared to the control group (P <0.05). The number of osteoclasts were found significantly higher in the H 2 S group (34.28 ± 3.28) compared to the control group (8.85 ± 1.85) (P <0.05) and the number of resorption lacunae were also higher in the cementum tissue (6.1 ± 2.4) and alveolar bone (3.8 ± 1.5) versus their corresponding control groups (1.6 ± 0.5 and 1.4 ± 0.5, respectively) (P <0.05). There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups with regard to osteoblastic activity. H 2 S inhalation induces inflammatory changes in the periodontium as well as resorption of the alveolar bone and cementum tissue in rats. These histopathologic changes in periodontal tissues support the idea that long-term H 2 S inhalation may have a destructive effect on periodontal tissues.

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“…3,4 Etiologically halitosis is classified into physiologic (type 0), oral (type 1), airway (type 2), gastroesophageal (type 3), blood-born (type 4) and subjective (type 5). 5,6 Halitosis is reported to be the third most common reason for visiting a dentist, trailing only dental caries and periodontal disease. 7,8 The prevalence of halitosis among adults worldwide ranged from 22% to 50%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Prevalence and Determinant Factors of Oral Halitosis in Northwest Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Teshome¹,

Derese²,

Andualem³

2021

CCIDE

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Background: Oral halitosis, unpleasant or offensive odor to others, has become a major health concern among the general population, ranking the third most common reason for seeking a dentist behind dental caries and periodontal disease. Even though there have been repeated cases of halitosis in Ethiopia, there is no documented evidence. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of halitosis in Northwest Ethiopia and to examine the relationship between halitosis and sociodemographic factors, oral habits, and health practices. Methods: From December 2019 to March 30, 2020, a hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted. A systematic random sampling method was used to select study participants. Following informed consent, sociodemographic characteristics were collected using structured questionnaires, and two qualified dental surgeons performed the oral examination. The organoleptic test was used to assess the presence of halitosis. Results: Six hundred sixty-one people took part in the study, with a mean age of 30.0 ±14.76 years. The prevalence of oral halitosis was 44.2% (95% CI: 40.39-47.96) among the study participants. Participants with no formal education were more prone to oral halitosis. Oral halitosis was common in students (18.5%), low-income individuals (22.2%), rural residents (12.3%), mouth breathers (19.1%), and participants with poor oral hygiene practices (15.3%). Independent factors of halitosis included rural residency (AOR=1.40, 95% CI: 1.18, 1.67), low economic status (AOR=1.81, 95% CI: 1.06,3.09), poor tooth brushing habit (AOR=1.85 (1.31, 2.61), smoking (AOR=2.69 (1.39, 5.21) and dental caries (AOR=8. 74 (5.57, 13.71). Conclusion:The prevalence of oral halitosis was 44.2% among the study participants. Rural residency, low monthly income, poor tooth-brushing habit, smoking, and dental caries were independent factors of halitosis.

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A new measurement protocol to differentiate sources of halitosis

Abstract: The results demonstrated that artificially generated oral H2S nasal VOC and alveolar H2 can be individually quantified. This gas measurement protocol can be used diagnostically or to gauge response to therapy in any medical or dental setting.

Cited by 13 publications

References 25 publications

Halitosis

Halitosis

Structural changes in periodontium of rats exposed to a low concentration of hydrogen sulfide for 50 days

The Prevalence and Determinant Factors of Oral Halitosis in Northwest Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study

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