A new method for assessment of nickel-titanium endodontic instrument surface roughness using field emission scanning electronic microscope

Abstract

Background: To introduce a new method for measurement of surface roughness of the endodontic instrument, before and after instrumentation, using the Field Emission Scanning Electronic Microscope (FE-SEM) combined with the ImageJ software. Methods: Twenty J-shape resin blocks were divided into two groups, ten blocks of each group. Simulated root canal inside the resin block was 16 mm length, 60 0 angle of curvature, and radius of 4.5 mm. Ten WaveOne Gold Primary and 10 Reciproc Blue R25 instruments were used for root canal instrumentation. The instruments were scanned before and after instrumentation with special molds made to ensure the same areas at the point located 3 mm from the tips of the instruments using the FE-SEM. These scanned images were analyzed using the ImageJ. The arithmetical mean roughness (R a), root mean square roughness (R q), and the average distance between the highest peak and lowest valley in each sampling length (R z) were calculated by ImageJ for quantitative analyses. The paired-t test was performed to analyze the data using the SPSS 22.0 at the significance of .05. Results: Almost all surface roughness values were decreased. However, these decreases were not statistically significant (P > .05). Conclusions: The FE-SEM combined with the ImageJ was the reliable and appropriate modality for measurement surface roughness of instruments.

The Impact of Multiple Autoclave Cycles on the Surface Roughness of Thermally Treated Nickel-Titanium Endodontic Files

“…To analyze the SR of NiTi files, a variety of techniques have been used [30][31][32][33][34][35]. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and SEM are the most commonly used methods to evaluate the surface characteristics of endodontic files.…”

“…SEM has the disadvantage that only qualitative evaluations can be obtained, as the two-dimensional images created by SEM cannot be processed for quantitative surface data [38]. However, a number of researchers have shown that data obtained via field-emission SEM (FE-SEM) is reliable and accurate, and, therefore, SEM and ImageJ software were used to measure SR values and recreate three-dimensional images [34,[39][40][41]. In the present study, the SR of three thermally treated NiTi instruments (i.e., TN, PTG, and ETP) is evaluated using SEM aided by ImageJ software after multiple autoclaving sterilization cycles.…”

Evaluation of surface characteristics of new rotary nickel-titanium instruments - SEM-EDS analysis

“…In order to improve microstructure of the working surface of Ni-Ti instruments and improve mechanical properties, flexibility, fatigue resistance, i.e. cutting efficiency, manufacturers have used various techniques in recent years (ionic application, plasma immersion, titanium oxide coating, thermal nitriding, thermal treatments and cryogenic treatments, electropolishing) [3,26,28,30].…”

“…U svrhu poboljšanja mikrostrukture radne površine Ni-Ti instrumenata i poboljšavanja mehaničkih osobina, fleksibilnosti, otpornosti na zamor, odnosno sečivne efikasnosti, proizvođači poslednjih godina primenjuju različite tehnike (jonska implementacija, plazma imerzija, formiranje premaza titanijum-oksida, termalna nitridacija, termalni tretmani i kriogeni tretmani, elektropoliranje) [3,26,28,30].…”

The Influence of Different Pecking Depth on Amount of Apically Extruded Debris During Root Canal Preparation

“…The shaping procedure of root canals has significant effect on success of endodontic treatment. [1][2][3] icroorganisms, dentin chips, pulp tissue or irrigation solution may be extruded into the periapical tissues during the biomechanical preparation. 4 .The apical extrusion phenomenon may cause unwanted postoperative complications such as pain, periapical inflammation, delay of periapical healing, and edema.…”