A new method for automatic discontinuity traces sampling on rock mass 3D model

Umili, Gessica; Ferrero, Anna María; Einstein, Herbert H.

doi:10.1016/j.cageo.2012.07.026

Cited by 103 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…ities are identified and the 3D point cloud is classified, it is then possible to use this information to analyse spacing (Oppikofer et al (2009);Slob (2010)), persistence (Sturzenegger and Stead (2009a); Sturzenegger et al (2011); Umili et al (2013)) and roughness (Haneberg et al (2007); Sturzenegger and Stead (2009a); Oppikofer et al (2011)). …”

Section: Accepted M Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discontinuity spacing analysis in rock masses using 3D point clouds

Riquelme

Abellán²,

Tomás

2015

Engineering Geology

126

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The complete characterization of rock masses implies the acquisition of information of both, the materials which compose the rock mass and the discontinuities which divide the outcrop. Recent advances in the use of remote sensing techniques -such as Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR)-allow the accurate and dense acquisition of 3D information that can be used for the characterization of discontinuities. This work presents a novel methodology which allows the calculation of the normal spacing of persistent and non-persistent discontinuity sets using 3D point cloud datasets considering the three dimensional relationships between clusters.This approach requires that the 3D dataset has been previously classified. This implies that discontinuity sets are previously extracted, every single point is labelled with its corresponding discontinuity set and every exposed planar surface is analytically calculated. Then, for each discontinuity set the method calculates the normal spacing between an exposed plane and its nearest one considering 3D space relationship. This link between planes is obtained calculating for every point its nearest point member of the same discontinuity set, which provides its nearest plane. This allows to calculate the normal spacing for every plane. Finally, the normal spacing is calculated as the mean value of all the normal spacings for each discontinuity set. The methodology is validated through three cases of study using synthetic data and 3D laser scanning datasets. The first case illustrates the fundamentals and the performance of the proposed methodology. The second and the third cases of study correspond to two rock slopes for which datasets were acquired using a 3D laser scanner. The second case study has shown that results obtained from the traditional and the proposed approach are reasonably similar.Nevertheless, a discrepancy between both approaches has been found when the exposed planes members of a discontinuity set were hard to identify and when the planes pairing was difficult to establish during the fieldwork campaign. The third case study also has evidenced that when the number of identified exposed planes is high, the calculated normal spacing using the proposed approach is minor than those using the traditional approach.

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Section: Accepted M Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discontinuity spacing analysis in rock masses using 3D point clouds

Riquelme

Abellán²,

Tomás

2015

Engineering Geology

126

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“…In this case, aware of the possible lack of data, special care was given to define the sub-horizontal set. Discontinuity traces and rock mass fracture analysis was carried and more details are given in Ferrero and Umili (2011) and in Umili et al (2012). A good correlation was found between the Rockscan results and those obtained from the traditional survey (Table 1); i.e., the same main rock plane families were found.…”

Section: Data Processingmentioning

confidence: 54%

Terrestrial Photogrammetry and Numerical Modelling for the Stability Analysis of Rock Slopes in High Mountain Areas: Aiguilles Marbrées case

Curtaz¹,

Ferrero

Roncella

et al. 2013

Rock Mech Rock Eng

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Several high altitude slope instability phenomena involving rock block of different volumes have been observed in recent years. The increase in these phenomena could be correlated with climatic variations and a general increase in temperature that induces both ice melt with consequent water seepage and glacial lowering with consequent loss of support of the rock face. The degradation of the high altitude thermal layer, which is known as "permafrost", can determine the formation of highly fractured rock slopes where instabilities can concentrate. The present research develops a methodology to improve the understanding and assessment of rock slope stability conditions in high mountain environments where access is difficult. The observed instabilities are controlled by the presence of discontinuities that can determine block detachments. Consequently, a detailed survey of the rock faces is necessary, both in terms of topography and geological structure, in order to locate the discontinuities on the slope for a better geometric reconstruction and subsequent stability analysis of the blocky rock mass. Photogrammetrical surveys performed at different times, allow the geostructure of the rock mass to be determined and for the rock block volumes and detachment mechanisms to be estimated, in order to assess stability conditions and potential triggering mechanisms. Photogrammetrical surveys facilitate both the characterisation of the rock mass and the monitoring of slope instabilities over time.The methodology has been applied in a case study, the North Face of Aiguilles Marbrées in the Mont Blanc massif, which suffers from frequent instability phenomena. A slope failure, which occurred in 2007, has been back-analysed using both, the Limit Equilibrium Method (LEM) and 3D Distinct Element Modelling (DEM). The method has been supported and validated with traditional in situ surveys and measurements of the discontinuity orientation and other rock mass features. The present research develops a methodology to improve the understanding and assessment of rock slope stability conditions in high mountain environments where access is difficult. The observed instabilities are controlled by the presence of discontinuities that can determine block detachments. Powered by Editorial Manager® and Preprint Manager® from Aries Systems CorporationConsequently, a detailed survey of the rock faces is necessary, both in terms of topography and geological structure, in order to locate the discontinuities on the slope for a better geometric reconstruction and subsequent stability analysis of the blocky rock mass. Photogrammetrical surveys performed at different times, allow the geostructure of the rock mass to be determined and for the rock block volumes and detachment mechanisms to be estimated, in order to assess stability conditions and Manuscript Click here to download Manuscript: Terrestrial photogrammetry and numerical modelling with pictures. doc 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 2...

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“…This can usefully be adopted in CAD programs for the discrete analysis of geometric elements and of their interactions [Hoffmeister et al, 2012]. The segmentation procedure can be performed either manually, through a direct recognition of the features concerned directly in the model itself, or automatically, by using specific algorithms based on the analysis of maximum and minimum curvature values on the surface [Umili et al, 2013]. As seen during the data processing phase, the proper use of geometric models to describe a geological environment needs a more complex and non-uniform 3D visualization, typically termed multi-scale and multi-resolution visualizations, so that different sources of geological and geomorphological data may be identified and combined during the analysis process [Jones et al, 2009].…”

Section: Geometrical Data Extraction and First Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Full-Waveform Terrestrial Laser Scanning for Extracting a High-Resolution 3D Topographic Model: a Case Study on an Area of Archaeological Significance

Salvo

Brutto

2014

European Journal of Remote Sensing

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This paper describes a method, which uses full-waveform terrestrial laser scanning to survey the surface of the slope below the Temple of Juno, located in the Valley of the Temples in Agrigento (Sicily, Southern Italy). The surface is characterized by the presence of large rock blocks, which have fallen down from the upper side; possible further detachments of rock blocks would cause a situation of general instability, with a very high risk to the archaeological structures in the near future. The methodology was designed to evaluate the potential of full-waveform laser scanning technology for the production of a very high resolution 3D topographic model of the slope, to be used as a support for the interpretation of geomorphological processes and for geotechnical analysis.

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A new method for automatic discontinuity traces sampling on rock mass 3D model

Cited by 103 publications

References 24 publications

Discontinuity spacing analysis in rock masses using 3D point clouds

Discontinuity spacing analysis in rock masses using 3D point clouds

Terrestrial Photogrammetry and Numerical Modelling for the Stability Analysis of Rock Slopes in High Mountain Areas: Aiguilles Marbrées case

Full-Waveform Terrestrial Laser Scanning for Extracting a High-Resolution 3D Topographic Model: a Case Study on an Area of Archaeological Significance

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