A New Method for Loudness Evaluation of Noises with Impulsive Components

Ogura, Yasumi; Suzuki, Yôiti; Sone, Toshio

doi:10.3397/1.2827838

Cited by 4 publications

References 2 publications

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Summary of recent NASA studies of human response to sonic booms

Leatherwood

Sullivan

Shepherd

et al. 2002

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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NASA Langley Research Center has conducted three groups of studies on human response to sonic booms: laboratory, "inhome," and field. The laboratory studies were designed to: (1) quantify loudness and annoyance response to a wide range of shaped sonic boom signatures and (2) assess several noise descriptors as estimators of sonic boom subjective effects. The studies were conducted using a sonic boom simulator capable of generating and playing, with high fidelity, both user-prescribed and recorded boom waveforms to test subjects. Results showed that sonic boom waveform shaping provided substantial reductions in loudness and annoyance and that perceived level was the best estimator of subjective effects. Booms having asymmetrical waveforms were found to be less loud than symmetrical waveforms of equivalent perceived level. Subjective responses to simulated ground-reflected waveforms were fully accounted for by perceived level. The inhome study presented participants with simulated sonic booms played within their normal home environment. The results showed that the equal energy theory of annoyance applied to a variety of multiple sonic boom exposures. The field studies concluded that sonic boom annoyance is greater than that in a conventional aircraft noise environment with the same continuous equivalent noise exposure.

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Summary of recent NASA studies of human response to sonic booms

Leatherwood

Sullivan

Shepherd

et al. 2002

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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Spectral loudness summation as a function of duration

Verhey

Kollmeier

2002

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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Loudness was measured as a function of signal bandwidth for 10-, 100-, and 1000-ms-long signals. The test and reference signals were bandpass-filtered noise spectrally centered at 2 kHz. The bandwidth of the test signal was varied from 200 to 6400 Hz. The reference signal had a bandwidth of 3200 Hz. The reference levels were 45, 55, and 65 dB SPL. The level to produce equal loudness was measured with an adaptive, two-interval, two-alternative forced-choice procedure. A loudness matching procedure was used, where the tracks for all signal pairs to be compared were interleaved. Mean results for nine normal-hearing subjects showed that the magnitude of spectral loudness summation depends on signal duration. For all reference levels, a 6- to 8-dB larger level difference between equally loud signals with the smallest (delta f = 200 Hz) and largest (delta f = 6400 Hz) bandwidth is found for 10-ms-long signals than for the 1000-ms-long signals. The duration effect slightly decreases with increasing reference loudness. As a consequence, loudness models should include a duration-dependent compression stage. Alternatively, if a fixed loudness ratio between signals of different duration is assumed, this loudness ratio should depend on the signal spectrum.

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Temporal Aspects of Loudness Summation

Verhey¹,

Kollmeier²

1999

Psychophysics, Physiology and Models of Hearing

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A New Method for Loudness Evaluation of Noises with Impulsive Components

Cited by 4 publications

References 2 publications

Summary of recent NASA studies of human response to sonic booms

Summary of recent NASA studies of human response to sonic booms

Spectral loudness summation as a function of duration

Temporal Aspects of Loudness Summation

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