A new method for the measurement of kinetic parameters of hydrocarbon generation from source rocks

Practical kinetic modeling of petroleum generation and expulsion

“…The real kinetic variations are at right angles to the iso-temperature lines, so the lines can be annotated with the revised values of the activation energies. These range from approximately 195 to 225 kJ/mol for the main oil generating reactions, and from 225 to 270 kJ/mol for oil cracking and gas generating reactions, which are in line with the results of Klomp and Wright (1990), whose step-wise pyrolysis experiments were specifically designed to extract accurate overall activation energies of the main petroleum-generating reactions.…”

“…The model is within approximately AE0.1% VR of the interpreted data for the oil-prone source rocks, and within approximately AE0.15% VR for the coaly source rock. The interpreted transformation ratios of the real source rocks are themselves subject to substantial errors, up to approximately AE0.1% VR (e.g., Klomp and Wright, 1990). Fig.…”

“…Step-wise isothermal open pyrolysis (e.g., Klomp and Wright, 1990) has the advantage of accurate temperatures, and separation of the effects of conversion and temperature on the reaction rate. The effects of transport are minimized, but not eliminated, by careful selection of the sample grainsize.…”

“…Amongst these are: Barth et al (1996), Braun and Burnham (1987), Braun et al (1991), Burnham (1993), Burnham and Braun (1999), Burnham et al (1987Burnham et al ( , 1988Burnham et al ( , 1996, Espitalie et al (1988), Issler and Snowdon (1990), Juntgen and Van Heek (1979), Klomp and Wright (1990), Lakshmanan et al (1991), Pepper and Dodd (1995), Schaefer et al (1990), Tegelaar and Noble (1993), and Tissot et al (1987).…”

Kinetic simulation of hydrocarbon generation from lacustrine type I kerogen from the Songliao Basin: Model comparison and geological application

“…Yet the thermal degradation process is still incompletely understood due to the complicated kerogen structure. At present, the reported chemical kinetic models describing hydrocarbon generation include: (1) overall reaction model (Allred, 1966); (2) Friedman type model which assumes the kinetic parameters will be changed with the process of reaction (Dieckmann, 2005;Dieckmann and Keym, 2006;Friedman, 1963;Klomp and Wright, 1990); (3) parallel reaction model (Burnham et al, 1988(Burnham et al, , 1995Lu, 1996;Quigley and Mackenzie, 1988;Tissot et al, 1987;Ungerer, 1990); (4) consecutive reaction model (Behar et al, 1992(Behar et al, , 2008 etc., and each model can be divided into several sub-models. For example, the parallel reaction model can be divided into an infinite parallel reactions model (Quigley and Mackenzie, 1988) and a finite parallel reactions model (Burnham et al, 1988(Burnham et al, , 1995Lu, 1996;Ungerer, 1990), which again can be divided into a model with a single frequency factor (A) and a distribution of activation energies (E) and the model with multiple frequency factors and a distribution of activation energies based on whether the frequency is identical or not.…”