A new method for the non‐invasive measurement of pulpal blood flow

Wilder-Smith, PE

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2591.1988.tb01140.x

Cited by 47 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…In the present study, CV for individual teeth (table 1) are larger than those reported by other investigators [9,12,13]. This may be attributed to differences in splint material [11], the inclusion of all six maxillary anterior rather than just a single tooth [12,13,16] and the temporal factor, with measurements spread over up to 7 weeks [16].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 54%

“…These studies reported coefficients of varia tion for an individual tooth ranging from 8 to 25% [9,12,13], The ability of LDF to measure clinical, physiological changes in the dental pulp has not been well documented [11], The majority of the reports have been of teeth sub jected to undefined physical or surgical trauma. Investiga tions concerning teeth subjected to physiological inter vention are limited and include a comparison of changes in blood flow in the dental pulp and skin in response to heating and cooling [14], Another investigation reports the influence of the autonomic nervous system in the response of pulpal perfusion to exercise and the cold pres sor test [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The technique has also been used to monitor blood flow in gin gival tissue [7. 8] and pulpal response to caries and caries removal [9], LDF has been applied in orthodontics to monitor pulpal blood perfusion following orthognathic surgery [10] and in teeth subjected to a tipping force with a removable appliance [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measurement of Blood Perfusion in the Dental Pulp with Laser Doppler Flowmetry

Firestone

Wheatley²,

Thüer³

1997

Int J Microcirc

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The reproducibility of laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) in measuring the perfusion of the dental pulp was investigated. A second aim was to establish if the LDF signal from the dental pulp can be influenced by physiological stimuli, e.g. postural changes. A third aim was to apply the technique to clinical measurements of pulp perfusion in patients undergoing orthodontic therapy. A custom splint to position the probe was fabricated for 10 subjects, and measurements of pulpal perfusion in the maxillary six anterior teeth were repeated on eight occasions with the subject seated. Further, measurements of the dental pulp perfusion in one tooth were repeated with the subject in a standing and supine position. Mean perfusion (arbitrary perfusion units) for individual teeth varied from 2.7 for a central incisor to 15.5 for a lateral incisor. Perfusion was greatest for lateral incisors and least for central incisors. Pulpal perfusion was significantly higher in a supine than in a standing or sitting position. Initial clinical experience with LDF encourages further investigation of its potential as a diagnostic tool for determining pulp vitality. Preliminary experimental results suggest that LDF will be a valuable source indicating pulpal response to orthodontic therapy with fixed appliances.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 54%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measurement of Blood Perfusion in the Dental Pulp with Laser Doppler Flowmetry

Firestone

Wheatley²,

Thüer³

1997

Int J Microcirc

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“…This technique was developed to assess blood flow in the retina, gut mesentery, renal cortex, and cerebral cortex, or on the skin [5,6]. Numerous publications already have established that it is possible to record blood flow changes from intraoral sites [3,[6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral mucosal blood flow following dry ice stimulation in humans

Heckmann

Hilz

Hummel³

et al. 2000

Clinical Autonomic Research

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The aim of the current pilot study was to establish a procedure that would allow the investigation of microcirculatory changes in the oral cavity. The authors studied the effects of painful stimulation using dry ice (CO2). To investigate potential regional differences in the change of blood flow, recordings were made for the tongue and at the mucosa of the hard palate, lip, and oral vestibule. The authors investigated 26 patients divided into groups of younger subjects (10 men, 3 women; age range 21-31 y) and older patients (2 men, 11 women; age range 54-74 y). Mucosal blood flow (mBF) was obtained at the hard palate, at the tip of the tongue, on the midline of the oral vestibule, and at the lip. Measurements were made during rest and for 2 minutes after application of dry ice for a 10-second duration, using a pencil-shaped apparatus. Blood pressure, heart rate, cutaneous blood flow, transcutaneous partial pressure of carbon dioxiode (PCO2) and partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) were recorded. Mucosal blood flow increased at all sites in response to application of dry ice (p <0.001), with peak flow at 0.5 minute to 1.5 minutes after onset of stimulation. During the 1.5 minutes to 2 minutes, blood flow decreased at all measurement sites with a tendency to return to baseline. Heart rate, blood pressure, pCO2, PO2, and cutaneous blood flow did not show significant changes. Overall, responses in older patients showed more variance when compared with younger patients. Stimulation by dry ice appears to be an effective, noninvasive, and tolerable means to investigate mucosal blood flow at different mucosal sites. Preliminary data indicate different levels of responsiveness to painful cold stimulation at different sites on the oral and perioral mucosa; particularly, mucosal blood flow response at the tongue was least pronounced. Therefore, assessment of stimulated mucosal blood flow appears to be a promising tool to investigate the pathophysiology of a number of neurologic symptoms, eg, the burning mouth syndrome.

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“…Moving red cells and static tissues cause this light beam to scatter around (46). The frequency of this light beam shifts when it passes through the moving red blood cells; however, it remains steady when the beam passes through static tissues (46,47). However, the LDF technique possesses a draw back in itself-it takes about an hour to produce recordings, and this makes it impractical for dental practices.…”

Section: The Use Of Laser In Determining the Pulp Vitalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Dental Lasers and Application Fields in Endodontics

Çetin¹,

Özkan²,

Özer³

2017

meandros

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Introduction LASER (Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation) was developed in 1960 by a scientist working for the Hughes Aircraft Corporation, Theodore Maiman, who proposed its mechanism based on the emitted beam coming from a ruby crystal (1).Lasers were tested for dental use first between 1970-1980, and laser devices such as carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and neodymium:doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) were considered suitable for hard dental tissues, while lasers were already in use for soft-tissue procedures in the middle of 1970s. Since then, many type of laser devices and applications have been used in dentistry, and new laser models and applications are still being created (2).The most common dental lasers in use today are erbium, Nd:YAG, diode, erbium, chromium doped: yttrium, scandium, gallium and garnet (Cr:YSGG), and CO 2 . Naturally, different types of lasers possess specific biological effects, are used in different procedures and, thus, are coupled with specific applicators. Nd:YAG LasersMarketed solely for dental use, these are the first true pulse lasers with a near infrared wavelength of 1064 nm (3). Primarily used for Öz 1971'de Weichman tarafından endodonti alanında ilk lazer uygulanmasının ardından, lazer teknolojisinin hızlı gelişimi ile yeni lazer cihazları ile ilgili çalışmalar hız kazanmıştır. Bu makalenin amacı, endodontide lazer uygulama alanlarıyla ilgili bilgileri güncellemek ve lazer cihazlarının avantaj ve kısıtlamaları hakkında bilgi vermektir.Since the first laser application in endodontics by Weichman in 1971, search for new laser devices is being proposed with the rapid development of laser technology. The purpose of this article is to update the information on laser application fields in endodontics and give information regarding the advantages and limitations of the laser devices.Received/Geliş Ta rihi :

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A new method for the non‐invasive measurement of pulpal blood flow

Cited by 47 publications

References 11 publications

Measurement of Blood Perfusion in the Dental Pulp with Laser Doppler Flowmetry

Measurement of Blood Perfusion in the Dental Pulp with Laser Doppler Flowmetry

Oral mucosal blood flow following dry ice stimulation in humans

Dental Lasers and Application Fields in Endodontics

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