A new method of treatment for vaginitis and cervicitis

Siegler, Samuel L.

doi:10.1016/0002-9378(46)90354-7

Cited by 22 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Our study found that the vaginal microbiomes from most of the VVC subjects had abundant Lactobacillus strains, which supports the isolation of Lactobacillus from VVC patients in many previous reports [15] . Gardnerella was found in a large proportion of the VVC patients in our study as well, and the microbiome diversity was increased in these groups, consistent with the increased Nugent score in the literature [13] , [15] . At present, we are unable to extrapolate any reason or meaning for these different types of microbiomes in VVC patients.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…VVC is a common side effect of BV treatment with antibiotics, indicating that the vaginal microbiota might be related to the colonization of yeast [12] . There have been reports regarding the association between VVC and intermediate flora patterns that result in an altered vaginal bacterial community [13] , [14] . However, a comparison of the Lactobacillus species cultured from the vaginal secretions of women with or without VVC showed no significant differences [15] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diverse Vaginal Microbiomes in Reproductive-Age Women with Vulvovaginal Candidiasis

Liu

et al. 2013

PLoS ONE

103

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Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is one of the most prevalent vaginal infectious diseases, and there are controversial reports regarding the diversity of the associated vaginal microbiota. We determined the vaginal microbial community in patients with VVC, bacterial vaginosis (BV), and mixed infection of VVC and BV using Illumina sequencing of 16S rRNA tags. Our results revealed for the first time the highly variable patterns of the vaginal microbiome from VVC patients. In general, the alpha-diversity results of species richness and evenness showed the following order: normal control < VVC only < mixed BV and VVC infection < BV only. The beta-diversity comparison of community structures also showed an intermediate composition of VVC between the control and BV samples. A detailed comparison showed that, although the control and BV communities had typical patterns, the vaginal microbiota of VVC is complex. The mixed BV and VVC infection group showed a unique pattern, with a relatively higher abundance of Lactobacillus than the BV group and higher abundance of Prevotella, Gardnerella, and Atopobium than the normal control. In contrast, the VVC-only group could not be described by any single profile, ranging from a community structure similar to the normal control (predominated with Lactobacillus) to BV-like community structures (abundant with Gardnerella and Atopobium). Treatment of VVC resulted in inconsistent changes of the vaginal microbiota, with four BV/VVC samples recovering to a higher Lactobacillus level, whereas many VVC-only patients did not. These results will be useful for future studies on the role of vaginal microbiota in VVC and related infectious diseases.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diverse Vaginal Microbiomes in Reproductive-Age Women with Vulvovaginal Candidiasis

Liu

et al. 2013

PLoS ONE

103

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“…These observations suggest that H 2 O 2producing lactobacilli might play a greater role than H 2 O 2negative lactobacilli in inhibiting C. albicans growth in vivo (11). C. albicans both produces and tolerates low concentrations of H 2 O 2 (24); however, in vitro higher concentrations of H 2 O 2 may be candidicidal (6). Paradoxically, in the same study Hillier et al found no evidence of increased colonization or symptomatic candidiasis in pregnant women completely lacking lactobacilli; hence, the importance of H 2 O 2 requires clarification (11).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Vaginal microbiology of women with acute recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis

Sobel

Chaim

1996

J Clin Microbiol

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Alterations in the autochthonous vaginal microflora can predispose women to recurring attacks of Candida vaginitis. Quantitative aerobic and anaerobic cultures were obtained from 24 premenopausal women with acute recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis and from 21 healthy asymptomatic premenopausal women. Lactobacillus species constituted the predominant flora in both groups, with a mean log10 CFU/ml of 8.7, a total isolation rate of 96%, and a mean of 1.6 Lactobacillus species isolated per patient compared with a mean log10 CFU/ml of 8.9, a total isolation rate of 90%, and a mean of 1.2 Lactobacillus species isolated per patient in the vaginitis and control groups, respectively. The results of this small study failed to provide evidence of an altered or abnormal vaginal bacterial flora in women with non-antibiotic-induced recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis suffering from acute Candida vaginitis.

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“…While it is commonly thought that the normal vaginal microbiota plays an important role in the prevention of vaginal infections and transmission of pathogens responsible for sexually transmitted disease (20,29), there is no consensus about the impact of vaginal bacteria on control of VVC and RVVC. Siegler (32) first suggested that vaginitis caused by Candida was associated with intermediate flora patterns (a Nugent score between 4 and 6 [23]), and then Hillier et al (15) reported a similar association between VVC and intermediate or normal flora patterns. In contrast, Sobel and Chaim (34) compared the microbial flora of vaginal secretions in healthy, nonpregnant women of reproductive age with the microbial flora of vaginal secretions in similar women with acute RVVC and found that women with VVC did not have reduced numbers of Lactobacillus species.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaginal Microbiota of Women with Frequent Vulvovaginal Candidiasis

et al. 2009

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Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is an insidious infection that afflicts a large proportion of women of all ages, and 5 to 8% of affected women experience recurrent VVC (RVVC). The aim of this study was to explore the possible importance of vaginal bacterial communities in reducing the risk of RVVC. The species composition and diversity of microbial communities were evaluated for 42 women with and without frequent VVC based on profiles of terminal restriction fragment polymorphisms of 16S rRNA genes and phylogenetic analysis of cloned 16S rRNA gene sequences from the numerically dominant microbial populations. The data showed that there were no significant differences between the vaginal microbial communities of women in the two groups (likelihood score, 5.948; bootstrap P value, 0.26). Moreover, no novel bacteria were found in the communities of women with frequent VVC. The vaginal communities of most women in both groups (38/42; 90%) were dominated by species of Lactobacillus. The results of this study failed to provide evidence for the existence of altered or unusual vaginal bacterial communities in women who have frequent VVC compared to women who do not have frequent VVC. The findings suggest that commensal vaginal bacterial species may not be able to prevent VVC.

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A new method of treatment for vaginitis and cervicitis

Cited by 22 publications

References 16 publications

Diverse Vaginal Microbiomes in Reproductive-Age Women with Vulvovaginal Candidiasis

Diverse Vaginal Microbiomes in Reproductive-Age Women with Vulvovaginal Candidiasis

Vaginal microbiology of women with acute recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis

Vaginal Microbiota of Women with Frequent Vulvovaginal Candidiasis

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