A new method to clean industrial water from acetic acid via esterification

Low Temperature De-acidification Process of Animal Fat as a Pre-Step to Biodiesel Production

“…It is interesting to note that the trend of FFA conversion is analogous to the one observed by the authors in the esterification of water-diluted acetic acid streams [20][21][22]. The acid/triglyceride system hereby described has a more complex matrix if compared to the acetic acid/water one.…”

Observation on Different Turnover Number in Two-phase Acid-catalyzed Esterification of Dilute Acetic Acid and 1-Heptanol

“…The similar results were observed in our two-phase system. Bianchi et al [1] reported that for the two-phase system consisting of organic phase and aqueous phase, which occurs when the alcohols used have high molecular weight, then insoluble in an aqueous phase. The reaction occurs at the interface for sulfuric acid and at the organic phase for solid catalysts.…”

“…It has been known that dilute acetic acid is considered as the waste of many important processes, such as in the production of cellulose esters and dimethyl terphthalate [1]. For instant, in the destructive distillation of wood, the acetic acid content obtained from this process is about 1-8 wt% [1].…”

“…For instant, in the destructive distillation of wood, the acetic acid content obtained from this process is about 1-8 wt% [1]. For purification of desired products, it is required to remove or recovery the dilute acetic acid efficiently.…”

Soybean Oil De-Acidification as a First Step Towards Biodiesel Production

“…The introduction of aluminum, zirconium or titanium into the silica matrix to improve the acid strength is not advisable, due to the easy deactivation to which these materials are usually subjected when water is present in the reaction system (Goodwin Jr. et al, 2005). Another possibility is represented by sulfated zirconia (SO 4 2-/ZrO 2 ), which has already been experimented in other kinds of esterification reactions (Bianchi et al, 2003), both in monophasic and biphasic systems. The main drawback of this type of catalyst lies in its fast deactivation due to the sulphate groups leaching, which may be favored by the presence of water in the system.…”