A New Method to Determine the Annual Energy Output of Liquid-Based Solar Collectors

Żukowski, Mirosław; Radzajewska,

doi:10.3390/en12234586

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The use of PV panels instead of thermal solar collectors allowed a reduction in emissions by an additional 190%, 200%, 204%, 154% and 186% in the case of SO 2 , NO x , PM10, CO and CO 2 , respectively. This was due to a much higher emission factor of the pollutants for electricity generation determined by the main energy producer in Poland [19] on the basis of annually updated measurements.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The optimal angle of inclination of solar collectors was determined on the basis of the method developed by Zukowski and Radzajewska [19]. A series of calculations of the intensity of solar radiation incident on a plane with the inclination angle varying from 0 • (horizontal surface) to 90 • (vertical plane) was performed.…”

Section: Determination Of the Optimal Angle Of Inclination Of Solar Collectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Energy and Environmental Performance of Solar Thermal Collectors and PV Panel System in Renovated Historical Building

2021

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The major intent of this article was to determine the amount of energy received by two active systems used to convert solar radiation and to estimate their impact on reducing the emission of pollutants. Thermal solar collectors with an area of 51.36 m2 and photovoltaic panels with an area of 50.4 m2 were subject to comparative analysis. It was assumed that either of the two systems could be installed on the roof of an old tenement house located in Poznan (Poland), which is planned for renovation. Computer simulations made with DesignBuilder software were used as a research tool. Two main conclusions can be drawn from the analysis of the year-long operation of both systems in the conditions of a typical meteorological year. Thermal solar collectors can produce 469 kWh of heat from 1 m2 of the device annually, while PV panels can generate 136 kWh of electricity per year from 1 m2 of active area. However, it turned out that the use of photovoltaic systems can contribute to a higher reduction in pollutants emitted to the atmosphere as a result of the alternative combustion of fossil fuels. Additionally, the optimal angle of inclination of devices for solar radiation conversion located near Poznan was determined.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Determination Of the Optimal Angle Of Inclination Of Solar Collectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy and Environmental Performance of Solar Thermal Collectors and PV Panel System in Renovated Historical Building

2021

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“…The screenshot of the automatic operating parameters recording system is shown in Figure 2. A more detailed description of this measuring stand can be found in [17]. Three different locations are considered in in the current analysis.…”

Section: Validation Of the Sdhw System Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Deterministic Mathematical Model for Estimating the Useful Energy Output of a Medium-Sized Solar Domestic Hot Water System

Żukowski

Jezierski

2021

Energies

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According to the authors of this paper, the mathematical point of view allows us to see what sometimes cannot be seen from the designer’s point of view. The aim of this study was to estimate the influence of the most important parameters (volume of heat storage tanks, daily consumption of domestic hot water, optical efficiency, heat loss coefficient, and total area of a solar collector) on the thermal power output of solar domestic hot water (SDHW) system in European climatic conditions. Three deterministic mathematical models of these relationships for Madrid, Budapest, and Helsinki were created. The database for the development of these models was carried out using computer simulations made in the TRNSYS software environment. The SDHW system located at the Bialystok University of Technology (Poland) was the source of the measurement results used to validate the simulation model. The mathematical optimization procedure showed that the maximum annual useful energy output that can be obtained from 1 m2 of gross collector area is 1303 kWh in the case of Madrid, 918.5 kWh for Budapest, and 768 kWh for Helsinki weather conditions.

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“…We believe that in the solar energy sector, the global interest differences leading to trade conflicts have not been sufficiently investigated. The studies published so far focused primarily on issues of technology development [29][30][31][32][33], domestic policies in energy sector and their effects on the implementation of the sustainable development strategy [34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43]. Existing research on trade disputes in solar sector usually focus on a single case of conflict in bilateral relations only, for example between the EU and China [44,45] or the US and China [28,[46][47][48], while in this paper we attempt to analyze a broader range of trade disputes.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

International Trade Disputes over Renewable Energy—the Case of the Solar Photovoltaic Sector

Hajdukiewicz

Pera

2020

Energies

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The development of the renewable energy industry is a priority of economic policies in many countries, since it is viewed as one of the key growth sectors in the economy, playing also a very important role in mitigating climate change. At the international level, renewable energy is an issue of international cooperation but also an area of high trade tensions between countries. The main goal of this paper is to examine the nature and sources of recent trade disputes in the solar photovoltaic sector, which is the most dynamically growing sector in the green energy industry. In particular, the paper explores the links between the contemporary trade disputes and modern protectionism and between protectionist policies and practices and the export competitiveness in the growing sector of the economy. To achieve the aim of the study we explore in detail the WTO trade disputes over photovoltaic (PV) products, which occurred in the years 2007–2018. The products covered by the analysis were solar modules and cells classified under the HS code 854140. In our research we also used measures of descriptive statistics, hierarchical cluster analysis and revealed comparative advantage indexes. Our key results demonstrate the existence of links between protectionist policy causing trade conflicts and the export competitiveness. The research has also allowed us to identify problems of future studies concerning the association between trade protectionism and global value chains in the solar energy sector.

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A New Method to Determine the Annual Energy Output of Liquid-Based Solar Collectors

Cited by 6 publications

References 9 publications

Energy and Environmental Performance of Solar Thermal Collectors and PV Panel System in Renovated Historical Building

Energy and Environmental Performance of Solar Thermal Collectors and PV Panel System in Renovated Historical Building

New Deterministic Mathematical Model for Estimating the Useful Energy Output of a Medium-Sized Solar Domestic Hot Water System

International Trade Disputes over Renewable Energy—the Case of the Solar Photovoltaic Sector

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