A new method to obtain good anatomical slides of heterogeneous plant parts

Barbosa, Antonio C. F.; Pace, Marcelo R.; Witovisk, Luciana; Angyalossy, Verônica

doi:10.1163/22941932-90000030

Cited by 120 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Samples were immediately fixed in FAA 70 (Johansen, 1940) for 36 hours and then transferred to a preservative solution of 70% ethanol. The samples were embedded in polyethylene glycol 1500 and sectioned transversely and longitudinally with the aid of polystyrene resin (Barbosa & al., 2010) in a sliding microtome, double stained in astra blue and safranine (Bukatsch, 1972), dehydrated in ethanol and butyl acetate and mounted in Canada balsam to make permanent slides. Wood descriptions followed the IAWA Committee (1989) for both qualitative and quantitative data, and vessels per group were calculated according to Carlquist (2001).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic relationships of enigmatic Sphingiphila (Bignoniaceae) based on molecular and wood anatomical data

Pace

Zuntini

Lohmann

et al. 2016

TAXON

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Sphingiphila is a monospecific genus, endemic to the Bolivian and Paraguayan Chaco, a semi‐arid lowland region. The circumscription of Sphingiphila has been controversial since the genus was first described. Sphingiphila tetramera is perhaps the most enigmatic taxon of Bignoniaceae due to the presence of very unusual morphological features, such as simple leaves, thorn‐tipped branches, and tetramerous, actinomorphic flowers, making its tribal placement within the family uncertain. Here we combined molecular and wood anatomical data to determine the placement of Sphingiphila within the family. The analyses of a large ndhF dataset, which included members of all Bignoniaceae tribes, placed Sphingiphila within Bignonieae. A second, smaller ndhF and pepC dataset, which included only members of tribe Bignonieae, placed the genus within Tanaecium. Unlike most macro‐morphological traits, Sphingiphila is not unusual within Bignoniaceae from a wood anatomical point of view. Sphingiphila shares the presence of narrow vessels and vasicentric to aliform confluent parenchyma with the rest of the family. In addition, Sphingiphila has several specific wood anatomical traits, such as vessels in a diagonal to tangential arrangement, small intervessel pits, and non‐storied heterocellular rays with occasional perforated ray cells. These features suggest that the genus is best placed either in Tecomeae s.str. or Bignonieae, with a better placement in Bignonieae due to its abundant parenchyma, despite lacking the cambial variant synapomorphic for this group. Sphingiphila and Tanaecium form a clade that is strongly supported by molecular characters, including two indels that are molecular synapomorphies of this clade. In addition, careful morphological inspections show that S. tetramera shares with Tanaecium the subulate, bromeliad‐like prophylls, the most evident synapomorphy of this genus apart from long, tubular, villose corollas, and a lepidote ovary. Given the molecular phylogenetic placement of S. tetramera and its macro‐morphological and wood anatomical similarities with Tanaecium, we propose the new combination Tanaecium tetramerum.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic relationships of enigmatic Sphingiphila (Bignoniaceae) based on molecular and wood anatomical data

Pace

Zuntini

Lohmann

et al. 2016

TAXON

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“…Anatomical preparations were taken midway between the apex and base of the lamina. Leaf segments were embedded in polyethylene glycol 1500 (PEG) without softening (Barbosa et al 2010). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rediscovering <I>Dyckia excelsa</I> (Bromeliaceae) in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil: Taxonomy, Geographic Distribution, and Notes on Leaf Anatomy

et al. 2015

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In this contribution the rediscovery of the bromeliad Dyckia excelsa in Mato Grosso do Sul state, central-western Brazil, is reported. This species was first described based on a single individual from a particular collection in 1993 with no precise locality. Illustrations and a brief discussion on the leaf anatomy of the species are provided. One additional species, Dyckia gracilis, which has been overlooked by previous authors, is included in the list of Bromeliaceae of Mato Grosso do Sul State. An updated key for Dyckia species from the region of D. excelsa is presented. The status of D. excelsa in Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil, is discussed, and recommendations for its conservation are offered.

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“…Afterwards, the samples were placed in molds, later sectioned with the aid of a rotary microtome and, finally, stained in 0.05% toluidine blue O in glacial acetic buffer at pH 4.7 (O'Brien et al, 1964). Sections of these materials were made with the aid of a sliding microtome (Leica Biosystems, Wetzlar, Germany), using a foam resin to prevent the samples from tearing apart and preserving, as well as possible, the fragile phloem, following the technique proposed by Barbosa et al (2010). Images of samples were obtained by bright-field light microscopy (Leica Microsystems).…”

Section: Sampling and Microscopic Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Height‐related scaling of phloem anatomy and the evolution of sieve element end wall types in woody plants

Liesche

Pace

et al. 2016

New Phytologist

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Summary In the sieve elements (SEs) of the phloem, carbohydrates are transported throughout the whole plant from their site of production to sites of consumption or storage. SE structure, especially of the pore‐rich end walls, has a direct effect on translocation efficiency. Differences in pore size and other features were interpreted as an evolutionary trend towards reduced hydraulic resistance. However, this has never been confirmed.Anatomical data of 447 species of woody angiosperms and gymnosperms were used for a phylogenetic analysis of end wall types, calculation of hydraulic resistance and correlation analysis with morphological and physiological variables. end wall types were defined according to pore arrangement: either grouped into a single area (simple) or into multiple areas along the end wall (compound).Convergent evolution of end wall types was demonstrated in woody angiosperms. In addition, an optimization of end wall resistance with plant height was discovered, but found to be independent of end wall type. While physiological factors also showed no correlation with end wall types, the number of sieve areas per end wall was found to scale with SE length.The results exclude the minimization of hydraulic resistance as evolutionary driver of different end wall types, contradicting this long‐standing assumption. Instead, end wall type might depend on SE length.

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A new method to obtain good anatomical slides of heterogeneous plant parts

Cited by 120 publications

References 3 publications

Phylogenetic relationships of enigmatic Sphingiphila (Bignoniaceae) based on molecular and wood anatomical data

Phylogenetic relationships of enigmatic Sphingiphila (Bignoniaceae) based on molecular and wood anatomical data

Rediscovering <I>Dyckia excelsa</I> (Bromeliaceae) in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil: Taxonomy, Geographic Distribution, and Notes on Leaf Anatomy

Height‐related scaling of phloem anatomy and the evolution of sieve element end wall types in woody plants

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