“…In a fundamental sense, the long-term plan for information technology investments, i.e., IT plan, guides the continuing development and sustainment of the application portfolio that supports the organization's product development, service delivery, business processes, employee productivity, management planning, control, and decision making, on a foundation built upon data integration and communication integration. This vision of the firm's information architecture is illustrated in Figure 2 (Dadashzadeh, 2009) where enterprise applications such as ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning), CRM (Customer Relationship Management), SCM (Supply Chain Management), and PLM (Product Lifecycle Management) span multiple application portfolio categories (such as TPS, MRS, and DSS) depicted.…”