“…Input: - Management fees ratio: the ratio of the fee charged to investors to mutual fund size (Galagedera et al, ; Pástor, Stambaugh, & Taylor, );
- Transaction costs ratio: the ratio of the transaction fee incurred to mutual fund size (Cremers & Petajisto, );
- Buying turnover ratio: the ratio of the total amount of the purchase of stocks to the average mutual fund size for the year (Cuthbertson, Nitzsche, & O'Sullivan, ; Pástor et al, ); and
- Selling turnover ratio: the ratio of amount of stocks sold minus the redemption fund to the mutual fund size for the year (Cuthbertson et al, ; Pástor et al, ).
Output/Input: - Sharpe ratio: the average return earned in excess of the risk‐free rate per unit of total risk (Sharpe, );
- Jensen's alpha: the abnormal return that fund managers provide to the mutual fund (Angelidis, Giamouridis, & Tessaromatis, ; Jensen, ); and
- Net return change ratio: the 1‐year net asset value change in units of magnitude (Cuthbertson et al, ; Premachandra et al, ).
Output: - Net flow change ratio: the ratio of the difference between the purchased amount and redeemed amount to the mutual fund size for the year (Cuthbertson et al, ).
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