The effect of outliers on estimation of the fractal dimension of experimental chaotic and stock market stochastic data series is investigated. The results indicate that influential observations of a magnitude of mean ±5 standard deviations can lead to a distortion of fractal dimension estimations by as much as 40% for short (e.g. 500 observations) time series data. Moreover, the box dimension estimation method is more sensitive to outliers than information and correlation dimension estimation methods and the effect of outliers decreases as the number of observations increases. Application of outlier adjustment to the stock prices of 60 companies of the Dow Jones Industrial Index reveals that the effect of outliers is critical in estimating the fractal dimension. The fractal dimension has applications in risk analysis for financial markets that can be affected by outliers.