A New Nutritional Disease of the Chick Embryo

Sensitive Periods During Development

“…Somewhat similar results were reported previously on embryos from hens which were fed on a protein-deficient diet (Byerly, Titus, Ellis, and Landauer, 1935). In this case, the mid-point of highest mortality fell somewhat earlier (11-12 days).…”

The Effects of Some Hormones on Development

“…Micromelia which is similar to that produced by insulin has likewise resulted from a wide variety of treatments. These are: (1) a dietary deficiency of unknown nature whose effects can be mitigated by wheat germ, liver and whey (Byerly, Titus, Ellis and Landauer, 1935) ; (2) manganese deficiency (Lyons and Insko, 1937) ; (3) riboflavin deficiency (Romanoff and Bauernfeind, 1942) ; (4) sulfanilamide (Ancel, 1945); (5) eserine sulfate (Ancel, 1945); (6) biotin deficiency (Couch, Cravens, Elvehjem and Halpin, 1948) ; (7) folic acid antagonists (Karnofsky, Patterson and Ridgway, 1949) ; and (8) thallium salts (Karnofsky, Ridgway and Patterson, 1950).…”

A study of the occurrence of teratogeny in vitamin E-deficient rats and associated abnormalities in blood and tissues

“…The structure of the teeth of young albino rats (Mellanby, 19391 19^1) and guinea pigs (Wolbach and Howe, 1933) tinued experiments gross deformities in the incisors of rats resulted from absent or defective dentine formation. These findings were later confirmed by Oodlewski (1948 It was found to be usually a tetanic spasm of the opistho-> tonic type as had been observed earlier by Byerly ^ al. (1935).…”

“…Some groBe malformations due to deficiency of some un identified nutritional factor or factors were also reported in the literature. Kicromelic chick embryos having rela tively short bones in the antero-posterior axis of the skull and in the tarso-metatarei frequently occurred in eggs laid by hens while receiving diets lacking in some unidentified nutritional factor or factors (Byerly et al. 1935;Landauer, 1936).…”