A new Occidozyga from Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo (Anura: Dicroglossidae)

Abstract

We found a uniquely colored dicroglossid frog of the genus Occidozyga from western Sarawak, East Malaysia. It is divergent from other congeners in morphology and mtDNA sequences. In a molecular phylogeny, this species is the sister lineage to the continental species O. lima and O. martensii with weak support. The species is small with SVL 16–18 mm in males and 18–19 mm in females, without dorsolateral fold but with transverse wrinkles on dorsum, tips of fingers lacking disks but of toes with disks, only first and second toes webbed to disks, and orange-brown dorsum with dark brown band. We thus describe it as a new species.

A new species of <i>Occidozyga</i> Kuhl and van Hasselt, 1822 (Anura: Dicroglossidae) from Southern Guangxi, China

“…Remarks : Our preliminary phylogenetic analyses supported the monophyly of Occidozyga , consistent with the results of Flury et al ( 2021 ) and Matsui et al ( 2021 ). However, species relationships within the genus Occidozyga were unresolved due to a lack of robust support.…”

“…Homologous DNA sequences of Occidozyga species were downloaded from GenBank, including O. baluensis , O. berbeza , O. diminutiva , O. laevis , O. lima , O. magnapustulosa , O. martensii , O. myanhessei , O. sumatrana , and O. swanbornorum . Outgroups followed Matsui et al ( 2021 ) and Flury et al ( 2021 ) (Supplementary Table S1). Phylogenetic relationships were calculated using maximum-likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) methods.…”

“…Muscle samples were stored in 100% ethanol for molecular analysis. Measurements referred to Matsui et al ( 2021 ) and Köhler et al ( 2021 ) and were taken with a digital caliper to the nearest 0.1 mm. Measurements included: snout-vent length (SVL); head length from tip of snout to rear of jaws (HL); head width at commissure of jaws (HW); distance from eye front to nostril (EN); snout length from tip of snout to anterior eye corner (SNT); diameter of exposed portion of eyeball (ED); nostril-eyelid length (N-EL); internarial space distance (IN); interorbital distance (IOD); upper eyelid width (UEW); forelimb length from elbow to tip of finger III (FLL); hand length (HAL); tibia length with flexed hindlimb (TIB); foot length from tibiofibular end to tip of fourth toe (FL); thigh length from vent to knee (THL); first toe length (1TOEL); and inner metatarsal tubercle length (IMTL).…”

A new species ofPhrynoglossusPeters, 1867; Dicroglossidae) from southeastern Bangladesh, with comments on the generaOccidozygaandPhrynoglossus

“…Phrynoglossus baluensis was reported as lacking a canthus rostralis ( Boulenger, 1896 ) yet also having a rounded canthus rostralis ( Inger, 1966 ). Phrynoglossus celebensis is reported to (1) have a tongue that is not rounded ( Iskandar, Arifin & Rachmansah, 2011 ), yet also a tongue that is rounded or feebly nicked behind ( Smith, 1927 ; Smith, 1931 ) (2) fingertips with discs ( Smith, 1931 ), yet also fingertips with conical tips ( Matsui et al, 2021 ). Phrynoglossus floresianus is described as having a tongue that is notched behind ( Iskandar, Arifin & Rachmansah, 2011 ), yet also rounded or feebly nicked behind ( Smith, 1931 ; Mertens, 1927 ).…”

“…A recent study resulted in the synonymy of P. laevis vittata ( Andersson, 1942 ) with P. martensii ( Poyarkov et al, 2020 ), and two unpublished theses have highlighted the presence of undescribed cryptic lineages within the O. lima complex ( Chan, 2013 ) and the P. martensii complex ( Bogisich, 2019 ). Nonetheless, only one new species of either Phrynoglossus and Occidozyga has been described in the past 60 years ( i.e., Iskandar, Arifin & Rachmansah, 2011 ), until 2021 when two additional species were described ( Köhler et al, 2021 ; Matsui et al, 2021 ).…”