A new operational paradigm for oil operations in sensitive environments: an analysis of social pressure, corporate capabilities and competitive advantage

What Explains the Uneven Take-Up of ISO 14001 at the Global Level? A Panel-Data Analysis

“…Another source of market demand discussed in the literature comes from transnational corporations (TNCs). Many of these firms, and particularly the larger, more visible ones, are vulnerable to negative publicity regarding their environmental performance (Hastings, 1999;Willetts, 1998). Consequently, a growing number of them are requiring their local affiliates and subsidiaries to adopt voluntary environmental codes (Haufler, 2001;Steger, 2000;UNCTAD, 1999).…”

From Foe to Friend

“…In addition, MNCs have acted proactively with NGOs, thus developing a future orientation. However, it cannot be forgotten that the new behaviors are often related to past NGO pressure that redirected the MNC’s attention (Hastings, 1999). The Internet enabled the increasing pressure on MNCs by NGOs.…”

“…Consequently, some firms have developed plans to reduce the environmental and social impacts of their operations. An important part of that process has been to consult with NGOs so as to develop a new operational paradigm (Hastings, 1999). For example, a no-roads plan in Latin America has been implemented by some firms to reduce access and interference with indigenous peoples’ ways of life in their communities (Hastings, 1999).…”

“…An important part of that process has been to consult with NGOs so as to develop a new operational paradigm (Hastings, 1999). For example, a no-roads plan in Latin America has been implemented by some firms to reduce access and interference with indigenous peoples’ ways of life in their communities (Hastings, 1999). Partnerships with NGOs have been important for activities such as gathering scientific data for damage prevention strategies and negotiating with local people (Hastings, 1999).…”

Ekolojik Yenilik İle Sürdürülebilirlik Performansı Arasındaki İlişkide Çevresel Belirsizliğin Moderatör Etkisi

“…Christmann (2000), kimya şirketleri üzerinde yaptığı araştırmada, çevresel inovasyon yeteneği olan firmaların, toplam maliyetlerini azaltabildiklerini söylemiştir. Hastings (1999), Latin Amerika'daki petrol şirketlerinin üzerinde yaptığı araştırmada, çevresel yenilik yeteneği kazanmış işletmlerin, bu yetenekleri sayesinde hem neden oldukları çevresel etkileri azaltabildiklerini hem de rekabet avantajlarını geliştirebildiklerini belirtmiştir. Chen vd., ( 2006), Tayvan'da elektronik endüstrisinde yaptıkları araştırmada eko-yenilik ve rekabet avantajı arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemişler ve eko-yeniliği, eko-ürün yeniliği ve eko-süreç yeniliği olarak ele almışlardır.…”