A new order, Entrophosporales, and three new Entrophospora species in Glomeromycota

Abstract

As a result of phylogenomic, phylogenetic, and morphological analyses of members of the genus Claroideoglomus, four potential new glomoid spore-producing species and Entrophospora infrequens, a new order, Entrophosporales, with one family, Entrophosporaceae (=Claroideoglomeraceae), was erected in the phylum Glomeromycota. The phylogenomic analyses recovered the Entrophosporales as sister to a clade formed by Diversisporales and Glomeraceae. The strongly conserved entrophosporoid morph of E. infrequens, provided with a newly designated epitype, was shown to represent a group of cryptic species with the potential to produce different glomoid morphs. Of the four potential new species, three enriched the Entrophosporales as new Entrophospora species, E. argentinensis, E. glacialis, and E. furrazolae, which originated from Argentina, Sweden, Oman, and Poland. The fourth fungus appeared to be a glomoid morph of the E. infrequens epitype. The physical association of the E. infrequens entrophosporoid and glomoid morphs was reported and illustrated here for the first time. The phylogenetic analyses, using nuc rDNA and rpb1 concatenated sequences, confirmed the previous conclusion that the genus Albahypha in the family Entrophosporaceae sensu Oehl et al. is an unsupported taxon. Finally, the descriptions of the Glomerales, Entrophosporaceae, and Entrophospora were emended and new nomenclatural combinations were introduced.

Herbivory‐driven shifts in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community assembly: increased fungal competition and plant phosphorus benefits

“…In the roots of herbivore-free plants, the communities Fungi of these families are all considered to be rhizophilic, that is, taxa that allocate higher biomass to intraradical hyphae than extraradical hyphae (Weber et al, 2019). In contrast to this, with herbivory, the communities also included taxa from the Entrophosporaceae (previously Claroideoglomeraceae; Błaszkowski et al, 2022), Archaeosporaceae, and Acaulosporaceae families.…”

Rhizophagus irregularis, the model fungus in arbuscular mycorrhiza research, forms dimorphic spores

“…The model species of AMF, Rhizophagus irregularis, produces two distinct glomoid spore morphs, as evidenced by single-spore isolates of each morph producing either both morphs or only one of them. As noted by Błaszkowski et al (2022), dimorphism is not a stable phenomenon among dimorphic AMF species. For reasons that are not fully understood, some species may produce both morphs, or only one of them, even after many propagation cycles (Bills & Morton, 2015).…”

Tracking arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to their source: active inoculation and passive dispersal differentially affect community assembly in urban soils

“…For example, VT00193 contains a closely related (Błaszkowski et al ., 2022) species complex of Claroideoglomus claroideum C. Walker & A. Schüssler, C. etunicatum C. Walker & A. Schüssler, C. lamellosum C. Walker & A. Schüssler, C. luteum C. Walker & A. Schüssler. Taxon names and VTX numbers were assigned using the most recent MaarjAM database version, which was updated in 2019 and does not reflect more recent changes to the taxonomy of the Glomeromycotinan fungi (Błaszkowski et al ., 2022). Temporal shifts in AM fungal VTs and potential sources of species pools were visualized using the alluvial package in R (Bojanowski & Edwards, 2016).…”

“…Likely, VT's provide a conservative estimation of true species diversity (Bruns & Taylor, 2016). For example, VT00193 contains a closely related (Błaszkowski et al, 2022) S1). After 4 months (2014), 59% (19 VTs) of the 32 VTs unique to the inoculum were detected in the experimental green roof trays and most of these (15 VTs) persisted for 2 yr (2016).…”