“…One block of five zigzags is executed vertically near the base of the antler. The third parallel is a decorated elk antler from Rusinowo (Poland) directly dated to 10700±60 BP (Poz-14541, Płonka et al 2011). The ornamentation consists of six herringbone motifs and one zigzag line on one side, and eight herringbone motifs and one anthropomorphic figure on the other.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The individual zigzag lines display different levels of skill, suggesting that several people created the decoration. Figure 5. Overview of Late Palaeolithic geometric art in Northern Europe (approximate calibrated dates indicated; chronostratigraphy, climate record and archaeological periods follow Veil 2012; artefact drawings: Rusinowo after Płonka 2011; Kendrick's Cave after Sieveking 1971; Conty after Fritz 2012). …”
“…One block of five zigzags is executed vertically near the base of the antler. The third parallel is a decorated elk antler from Rusinowo (Poland) directly dated to 10700±60 BP (Poz-14541, Płonka et al 2011). The ornamentation consists of six herringbone motifs and one zigzag line on one side, and eight herringbone motifs and one anthropomorphic figure on the other.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The individual zigzag lines display different levels of skill, suggesting that several people created the decoration. Figure 5. Overview of Late Palaeolithic geometric art in Northern Europe (approximate calibrated dates indicated; chronostratigraphy, climate record and archaeological periods follow Veil 2012; artefact drawings: Rusinowo after Płonka 2011; Kendrick's Cave after Sieveking 1971; Conty after Fritz 2012). …”
“…In the Late and Final Palaeolithic the geometrical style of representation spreads across the broad expanses of northern Europe. From the onset of the Allerød, artefacts sporting patterns of densely engraved, parallel zigzag lines arranged in groups separated by unornamented surface become popular in this area (Płonka et al 2011;Płonka and Kowalski 2017;Vang Petersen 2015). This decorative style may be encountered on a broad range of objects, such as: a stone plate, a horse mandible, a ceremonial object from elk antler, an antler rod, a red deer antler shaft, an amber elk figurine, and harpoons.…”
Section: Ornamented Artefacts and Lithicsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…People from the Final Palaeolithic living in the Younger Dryas formed well-organized communities connected by a strong network of mutual relations. It is therefore unlikely that environmental changes would have triggered a migration, especially as some elements of the new environment, for instance, elk, were already known in Central Europe during the Younger Dryas (Płonka et al 2011), whereas reindeer was still present in Polish lands in the Preboreal. It should also be noted that there are no signs whatsoever of human migration in the Central European Plain at the break of Allerød and Younger Dryas, a time of dramatic change in climate.…”
Section: Social Circumstances and Migrationmentioning
In this article we take a fresh look at the population dynamics of the Polish Plain in the transition from the Pleistocene to the Holocene, using Bayesian analysis and modelling of radiocarbon dates, and contrast the results with data from the North German Plain. We argue against simple adaptationalist models and instead see the cultural landscape as a complex patchwork of old forms and the emerging new traits of the early Mesolithic. We argue that the Mesolithic directly follows the Final Palaeolithic on the Polish Plain, without the chronological hiatus of 150–300 years that is often assumed for that region; while, by contrast, the two cultural patterns—Final Palaeolithic and microlith-based Mesolithic—overlapped significantly in time on the adjacent North German Plain.
“…The importance of the elk is further illustrated by artifacts and grave goods made of elk teeth, antler and bone (e.g. Butrimas and Jankauskas 1998;Zhilin 2010;Płonka et al 2011). For example, these were imported to the island of Zealand, Denmark, even after elk had become extinct there (Aaris- Sørensen 1985;Schmölcke and Zachos 2005).…”
The elk/moose (Alces alces) was an important resource for prehistoric societies. In prehistoric art, it is often depicted in connection with water. Biologists find that elk spend much time in water and consume considerable amounts of aquatic plants. As freshwater plants can have reservoir ages of hundreds or even thousands of years, there is a risk of a significant reservoir effect in elk bones and antler, and artifacts made of these materials. This pilot study followed several approaches to investigate the possibility of a freshwater reservoir effect in elk. I analyzed modern, historical and archaeological bones and antler from several sites across Eurasia. Skull bone and antler of the same individual were radiocarbon dated, as antler is formed in summer, when the proportion of aquatic diet is supposed to be highest. Age offsets measured in this study were zero to about 500 years. A difference between bone and antler could not be determined. The reservoir effect appears to be smaller than estimated from accounts of elk diet, even in regions where a substantial freshwater reservoir effect is expected. Therefore, the hypothesis of a large proportion of aquatic diet can be rejected for several of the individuals studied here.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
