A New Paradigm of Pharmaceutical Drug Delivery Systems (DDS) : Challenges for Space, Time, and Shapes

Abstract

Using 3D food printing with the Internet of Things (IoT) technology, patients can receive diagnoses and prescriptions from their doctors while in the comfort of their homes. The patient-specific prescription has been innovated by converging 3D food printing technology with drug delivery systems (DDSs). Quantitative drug dosages can be incorporated into the composition of food and produced in any shape within a short time. Automating food and DDSs makes promising implications for healing patients remotely, as well. Each of these aspects, along with IoT technology, have contributed to increased health care for patients, no matter their location. The quantitative discharge of vitamin C melted in water, mayonnaise, ketchup, and peanut butter has been verified using the Piston Typed Extrusion (PTE) method. Designs with different curves and shapes were repeatedly printed with a head speed of 1.6×10-2 m/s, and it was confirmed that effective control while printing the shapes was possible. The Hagen-Poiseuille (HP) formula was utilized to simulate the overall printing time. This simulation affirmed that increasing the head speed from 1.6×10-2 m/s to 4.0×10-2 m/s had reduced the printing time consistently, but the time was not reduced continuously after 4.0×10-2 m/s, depending on the materials’ viscosities and how much curvature exists in the designs. The precision of printing was adjusted within 5% of the theoretical value during printing, and the IoT technology allowed printing of the materials within five minutes, regardless of the patient’s location.
 
 Article Type: Original Research

Innovations and applications of 3‐D printing in food sector

“…3‐D printing has given new opportunities for customised foods for patients with a need for infused medicines (Kim et al ., 2018b). One of the advantages of infusing medicines using 3‐D printing of foods is that this technology along with a telemedicine system at low temperature maintains antioxidants and preserves energy without the requirement of long‐term heat exposure of the food.…”

The convergence of three-dimensional printing and nail-art technology

“…Accordingly, this study adopted a drug delivery system that already controls 3D printing seamlessly in the pharmaceutical industry, and we have attempted to integrate it into the fabrication of nail art. This system applies the new concept of using the IoT to control the materials supply chain, whereby education is achieved by dividing the processes of safety, manufacture, and delivery, incorporating 3D printing and minimizing errors in the field [24]. In other words, this study attempted a digital fabrication method where the 3D nail art is determined by consumers in the field.…”

3D Printing of Meat Following Supercritical Fluid Extraction

“…There is a movement to create healthy dishes across societies where people are increasingly interested in maintaining a diet and monitoring nutrition by eating organic and hygienic foods [ 3 , 4 , 5 ]. Lately, the realization of personalized diet benefits via the accurate and fast printing of hygienic food demonstrates the potential of the technology in food engineering [ 6 , 7 ]. This study proposes a new paradigm shift in food processing, aiding significant advancements in the food industry [ 8 , 9 , 10 ].…”