A New Parameter for Staging Bladder Carcinoma

Abstract

Objective. The purpose of this study was to investigate the value of tumor-bladder wall contact length (CL), tumor height (H), and height-to-length ratio (H/CL) for preoperative staging of bladder carcinoma. Methods. Fifty-seven patients with bladder tumors underwent suprapubic ultrasonography preoperatively, and the CL of the tumor with the bladder wall and H in the bladder lumen were measured. The CL, H, and H/CL values were correlated with the wall invasion determined by histopathologic analysis of the cystectomy material. Invasion was staged according to the TNM classification system. Results. Statistically significant differences were found for CL (P < .001) and H/CL (P = .001) between the superficial and invasive tumor groups. These parameters were also effective for differentiating superficial or deep muscle invasion. A CL of greater than 41.5 mm and an H/CL of less than 0.605 were calculated as cutoff values for differentiating superficial and invasive tumors. Height had no value for determining invasion. Conclusions. The ultrasonographic measurements of CL of the tumor with the bladder wall and H/CL may be useful for staging bladder carcinoma by verification of these findings in larger groups of patients.

Quantitative differentiation of non-invasive bladder urothelial carcinoma and inverted papilloma based on CT urography

“…The author posits that the aspect ratio may be a superior indicator for evaluating morphological characteristics of tumors compared to basal and height measurements, even if it was not included as a reference standard in the nomogram. For example, the aspect ratio is frequently utilized in predicting BUC staging, and one study have shown that when the aspect ratio is <0.605, it suggests a heightened likelihood of myofilament infiltration [ 21 ]. Tumor-wall interface, when used along, is the most effective independent risk factor for identifying BUC and IPB.…”

Application of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in diagnosis and grading of bladder urothelial carcinoma

“…Ozden et al [ 3 ] performed a comparative analysis of the tumor height, the contact length between the tumor and bladder wall, and the ratio of invasive bladder cancer to non-invasive bladder cancer, and concluded that the tumor height, the contact length between the tumor and bladder wall, and the ratio of the two are closely related to the depth of bladder cancer invasion. The contact length was more than 41.5 mm, and the ratio of the two was less than 0.605, which is the critical value for distinguishing superficial and invasive bladder cancer.…”

“…Papillary tumors are benign and papillary urothelial tumors with low malignant potential are borderline tumors, both of which have a relatively good prognosis [ 7 ]. Although both low- and high-grade urothelial carcinomas are malignant epithelial tumors, the risk of progression of high-grade BUC is five times higher than that of low-grade BUC, which often requires more active treatment such as cc and postoperative perfusion chemotherapy [ 3 , 8 ].Therefore, accurate preoperative diagnosis and BUC grading is imperative in the selection of clinical operation methods and the prognostic evaluation.…”

“…Additionally, cystoscopic biopsy has a misdiagnosis rate of 20–80% [ 4 ]. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) play an important role in the preoperative grading and staging diagnosis of BUC; however, CT cannot display the detailed structure of the bladder wall and accurately evaluate the depth of bladder wall infiltration, and MRI may be over-staged [ 3 ]. Ultrasonography is simple and easy to perform and is not affected by cystitis, massive hematuria, urethral stricture, or other factors [ 9 ].…”

Quantitative differentiation of non-invasive bladder urothelial carcinoma and inverted papilloma based on CT urography

“…The author posits that the aspect ratio may be a superior indicator for evaluating morphological characteristics of tumors compared to basal and height measurements, even if it was not included as a reference standard in the nomogram. For example, the aspect ratio is frequently utilized in predicting BUC staging, and one study have shown that when the aspect ratio is < 0.605, it suggests a heightened likelihood of myo lament in ltration [21]. Tumor-wall interface, when used along, is the most effective independent risk factor for identifying BUC and IPB.…”