A New Parasitization Record of <i>Haliaspis spartinae</i> (Diaspididae) and <i>Encarsia ellisvillensis</i> sp. nov. (Chalcidoidea: Aphelinidae) from the United States

Japoshvili, George; Russell, Ellen K.

doi:10.1603/an11110

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Two observations suggest that predators may be important. First, potential predators such as beetles and parasitoids are present in these marshes [51] , [52] . Second, we observed a distinct secondary dispersal event in our mesocosms that was not present in the field in 2011.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Herbivore Impacts on Marsh Production Depend upon a Compensatory Continuum Mediated by Salinity Stress

Long

Porturas

2014

PLoS ONE

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Plant communities are disturbed by several stressors and they are expected to be further impacted by increasing anthropogenic stress. The consequences of these stressors will depend, in part, upon the ability of plants to compensate for herbivory. Previous studies found that herbivore impacts on plants can vary from negative to positive because of environmental control of plant compensatory responses, a.k.a. the Compensatory Continuum Hypothesis. While these influential studies enhanced our appreciation of the dynamic nature of plant-herbivore interactions, they largely focused on the impact of resource limitation. This bias limits our ability to predict how other environmental factors will shape the impact of herbivory. We examined the role of salinity stress on herbivory of salt marsh cordgrass, Spartina foliosa, by an herbivore previously hypothesized to influence the success of restoration projects (the scale insect, Haliaspis spartinae). Using a combination of field and mesocosm manipulations of scales and salinity, we measured how these factors affected Spartina growth and timing of senescence. In mesocosm studies, Spartina overcompensated for herbivory by growing taller shoots at low salinities but the impact of scales on plants switched from positive to neutral with increasing salinity stress. In field studies of intermediate salinities, scales reduced Spartina growth and increased the rate of senescence. Experimental salinity additions at this field site returned the impact of scales to neutral. Because salinity decreased scale densities, the switch in impact of scales on Spartina with increasing salinity was not simply a linear function of scale abundance. Thus, the impact of scales on primary production depended strongly upon environmental context because intermediate salinity stress prevented plant compensatory responses to herbivory. Understanding this context-dependency will be required if we are going to successfully predict the success of restoration efforts and the ecological consequences of anthropogenic disturbances.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Herbivore Impacts on Marsh Production Depend upon a Compensatory Continuum Mediated by Salinity Stress

Long

Porturas

2014

PLoS ONE

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“…The scale insect, H. spartinae , is a feeding and habitat specialist on cordgrass leaves (Tippins and Beshear , Boyer and Zedler , Japoshvili and Russell ; S. A. Rinehart and J. D. Long, personal observation ). Additionally, scale insects become immobile once they metamorphose, permanently limiting their habitat use (Boyer and Zedler ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The scale insect, H. spartinae, is a feeding and habitat specialist on cordgrass leaves (Tippins and Beshear 1971, Boyer and Zedler 1996, Japoshvili and Russell 2012S. A. Rinehart and J. D. Long, personal observation).…”

Section: Ladybeetle and Scale Insect Habitat Domain Range Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Density‐mediated indirect effects from active predators and narrow habitat domain prey

Rinehart

Schroeter

Long

2017

Ecology

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The hunting-mode-habitat-domain-range framework suggests that the mechanism driving trophic cascades (i.e., trait-mediated indirect interactions [TMIIs] vs. density-mediated indirect interactions [DMIIs]) should depend upon the functional traits of predators and prey. For example, trophic cascades containing active, broad habitat domain range (BHDR) predators interacting with narrow habitat domain range (NHDR) prey are predicted to arise primarily via TMIIs, because these prey should reduce their conspicuous activity in the presence of these predators. Unfortunately, this hypothesis is difficult to test given the strong bias against studies assessing trophic cascades containing NHDR prey. Furthermore, this hypothesis ignores evidence that (1) active predators can have high consumption rates on prey, (2) continuously responding to active predators foraging across broad areas is energetically costly for prey, and (3) cues from active, BHDR predators may not influence prey density. We examined the TMIIs and total indirect interaction (TII) produced during interactions between an active, BHDR ladybeetle predator (Naemia seriata) and its NHDR prey (scale insects). We exposed scale insects to nonlethal and lethal ladybeetle predators in laboratory mesocosms for 15 weeks. We measured the growth of the scale insect's host plant (cordgrass) and the population density of scale insects. Contrary to theory, nonlethal ladybeetles did not induce TMIIs. However, lethal ladybeetles increased cordgrass total and root dry biomass by 36% and 44%, respectively, suggesting the presence of strong DMIIs. Additionally, both lethal and nonlethal ladybeetles reduced scale insect population density. Our findings suggest that DMIIs, rather than TMIIs, can result from interactions between active BHDR predators and NHDR prey.

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Barnacle colonization on Spartina alterniflora in Georgia salt marshes

Joesting

Guidone

Hines

2020

Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science

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A New Parasitization Record of Haliaspis spartinae (Diaspididae) and Encarsia ellisvillensis sp. nov. (Chalcidoidea: Aphelinidae) from the United States

Cited by 4 publications

References 7 publications

Herbivore Impacts on Marsh Production Depend upon a Compensatory Continuum Mediated by Salinity Stress

Herbivore Impacts on Marsh Production Depend upon a Compensatory Continuum Mediated by Salinity Stress

Density‐mediated indirect effects from active predators and narrow habitat domain prey

Barnacle colonization on Spartina alterniflora in Georgia salt marshes

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