A new perspective on metals and other contaminants in fluoridation chemicals

Mullenix, Phyllis J.

doi:10.1179/2049396714y.0000000062

Cited by 17 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(41 reference statements)

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“…64 In addition, fluoridation chemicals often contain other regulated contaminants. 5 – 8 Hirzy et al 65 estimated that the typical concentration of arsenic in the major fluoridation chemical (HFSA) could be responsible for several excess lung and bladder cancers per year in the U.S. and the consequent costs of treatment.…”

Section: Costsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A critique of recent economic evaluations of community water fluoridation

Lee

Thiessen

2014

International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health

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Background:Although community water fluoridation (CWF) results in a range of potential contaminant exposures, little attention has been given to many of the possible impacts. A central argument for CWF is its cost-effectiveness. The U.S. Government states that $1 spent on CWF saves $38 in dental treatment costs.Objective:To examine the reported cost-effectiveness of CWF.Methods:Methods and underlying data from the primary U.S. economic evaluation of CWF are analyzed and corrected calculations are described. Other recent economic evaluations are also examined.Results:Recent economic evaluations of CWF contain defective estimations of both costs and benefits. Incorrect handling of dental treatment costs and flawed estimates of effectiveness lead to overestimated benefits. The real-world costs to water treatment plants and communities are not reflected.Conclusions: Minimal correction reduced the savings to $3 per person per year (PPPY) for a best-case scenario, but this savings is eliminated by the estimated cost of treating dental fluorosis.

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Section: Costsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A critique of recent economic evaluations of community water fluoridation

Lee

Thiessen

2014

International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health

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“…Examining patterns of fluoride exposure during pregnancy is important for ultimately assessing whether fluoride exposures at levels that the US population is exposed to may pose risk to the developing fetus. Moreover, since co-exposure to fluoride and toxic metals and/or essential elements can occur, having a better understanding of which metals may interact with fluoride to impact health is also important [ 22 , 23 ]. Therefore, the current study examined urinary fluoride levels according to sociodemographic factors and metal co-exposures among a cohort of pregnant women residing in urban LA, California.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urinary fluoride levels and metal co-exposures among pregnant women in Los Angeles, California

Malin,

Hu,

Martínez-Mier

et al. 2023

Environ Health

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Background Fluoride is ubiquitous in the United States (US); however, data on biomarkers and patterns of fluoride exposure among US pregnant women are scarce. We examined specific gravity adjusted maternal urinary fluoride (MUFsg) in relation to sociodemographic variables and metal co-exposures among pregnant women in Los Angeles, California. Methods Participants were from the Maternal and Developmental Risks from Environmental and Social Stressors (MADRES) cohort. There were 293 and 490 women with MUFsg measured during first and third trimesters, respectively. An intra-class correlation coefficient examined consistency of MUFsg between trimesters. Kruskal–Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests examined associations of MUFsg with sociodemographic variables. Covariate adjusted linear regression examined associations of MUFsg with blood metals and specific gravity adjusted urine metals among a subsample of participants within and between trimesters. A False Discovery Rate (FDR) correction accounted for multiple comparisons. Results Median (IQR) MUFsg was 0.65 (0.5) mg/L and 0.8 (0.59) mg/L, during trimesters one and three respectively. During both trimesters, MUFsg was higher among older participants, those with higher income, and White, non-Hispanic participants than Hispanic participants. MUFsg was also higher for White, non-Hispanic participants than for Black, non-Hispanic participants in trimester three, and for those with graduate training in trimester one. MUFsg was negatively associated with blood mercury in trimester one and positively associated with blood lead in trimester three. MUFsg was positively associated with various urinary metals, including antimony, barium, cadmium, cobalt, copper, lead, nickel, tin, and zinc in trimesters one and/or three. Conclusions MUFsg levels observed were comparable to those found in pregnant women in Mexico and Canada that have been associated with poorer neurodevelopmental outcomes. Lower urinary fluoride levels among Hispanic and non-Hispanic Black participants in MADRES compared to non-Hispanic White participants may reflect lower tap water consumption or lower fluoride exposure from other sources. Additional research is needed to examine whether MUFsg levels observed among pregnant women in the US are associated with neurodevelopmental outcomes.

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“…Drinking water treatment poses a challenge attributed to industrial wastewater’s daily water resources pollution [ 1 , 2 ]. Fluoride is one of the major pollutants that harmfully affects life, especially human beings [ 3 , 4 ]. Typically, it exhibits essential contribution to bone function and prevents dental caries [ 5 , 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient Fluoride Removal from Aqueous Solution Using Zirconium-Based Composite Nanofiber Membranes

et al. 2021

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Herein, composite nanofiber membranes (CNMs) derived from UiO-66 and UiO-66-NH2 Zr-metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) were successfully prepared, and they exhibited high performance in adsorptive fluoride removal from aqueous media. The resultant CNMs were confirmed using different techniques, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) in addition to Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The parameters that govern the fluoride adsorption were evaluated, including adsorbent dose, contact time, and pH value, in addition to initial concentration. The crystalline structures of CNMs exhibited high hydrothermal stability and remained intact after fluoride adsorption. It could also be observed that the adsorbent dose has a significant effect on fluoride removal at high alkaline values. The results show that UiO-66-NH2 CNM exhibited high fluoride removal due to electrostatic interactions that strongly existed between F− and metal sites in MOF in addition to hydrogen bonds formed with MOF amino groups. The fluoride removal efficiency reached 95% under optimal conditions of 20 mg L−1, pH of 8, and 40% adsorbent dose at 60 min. The results revealed that UiO-66-NH2 CNM possesses a high maximum adsorption capacity (95 mg L−1) over UiO-66 CNM (75 mg L−1), which exhibited better fitting with the pseudo-second-order model. Moreover, when the initial fluoride concentration increased from 20 to 100 mg/L, fluoride adsorption decreased by 57% (UiO-66 CNM) and 30% (UiO-66-NH2 CNM) after 60 min. After three cycles, CNM revealed the regeneration ability, demonstrating that UiO-66-NH2 CNMs are auspicious adsorbents for fluoride from an aqueous medium.

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A new perspective on metals and other contaminants in fluoridation chemicals

Cited by 17 publications

References 37 publications

A critique of recent economic evaluations of community water fluoridation

A critique of recent economic evaluations of community water fluoridation

Urinary fluoride levels and metal co-exposures among pregnant women in Los Angeles, California

Efficient Fluoride Removal from Aqueous Solution Using Zirconium-Based Composite Nanofiber Membranes

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