“…With directly converting water and inexhaustible solar energy into clean hydrogen energy, photocatalytic water splitting technology has been regarded as one of the most promising strategies to solve energy problems in the future [1][2][3]. Since the 1970s, a wide variety of semiconductor materials, including metal oxides [4,5], sulfides [6,7], nitrides [8,9], phosphides [10,11] and their compounds [12], have been used as photocatalysts for H 2 evolution. Although H 2 is liberated from water successfully, the rapid recom-bination of photogenerated electron-hole pairs in semiconductor photocatalysts always results in unsatisfactorily photocatalytic activity, greatly restricting their practical application [13,14].…”