Summary
An increasing number of countries have taken nuclear energy as a preferred approach in response to the environment deterioration and energy supply deficit. The rapid expansion of nuclear technologies, however, would pose a great challenge to nuclear non‐proliferation, especially for the Generation IV nuclear reactor systems, which significantly differ from current nuclear fuel systems. This paper gives an overview of non‐proliferation research activities worldwide and outlines the existing problems, especially in non‐proliferation assessment. Because of numerous processes and various types of variables involved in nuclear fuel cycles (NFC), it is difficult to obtain a quantitative and objective assessment on non‐proliferation. In addition, the influences imposed by national nuclear policy on non‐proliferation have been rarely studied because of their large uncertainties, which may not precisely reflect the real non‐proliferation status in a specific country. In view of the above issues, we put forward an assessment framework by considering impact factors of national nuclear policy and by employing multi‐mathematical models to address some of the issues including subjectivity and uncertainties in the current assessment methodologies.