A new population of red uakaris (&lt;i&gt;Cacajao calvus&lt;/i&gt; ssp.) in the mountains of north-eastern Peru

Vermeer, Jan; Tello-Alvarado, Julio C.; Castillo, José T. Villacis Del; Bóveda-Penalba, Antonio J.

doi:10.1896/044.020.0103

Cited by 53 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Ucayali-Javari interfluve (Fig. 7), with isolated populations reported beyond this area (Vermeer et al, 2013). This taxon was confirmed in Brazil only along the Rio Moa, Serra do Divisor National Park (SDNP) (Silva et al, 2021).…”

Section: Geographic Distribution Cacajao Ucayalii Occurs Mainly In Thementioning

confidence: 83%

“…The bald uakaris' evident preference for riparian flooded forests would make them particularly susceptible to the fluvial dynamics related to climatic and geomorphological changes in the late Pleistocene, with episodes of isolation and contact promoting and/or hindering gene flow over the last 500 thousand years, producing this unusual patchwork of the various species, including isolated populations reported in upland forests at > 600 m a.s.l. (McHugh et al, 2020;Silva et al, 2021;Vermeer et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Molecular phylogeny and systematics of bald uakaris, genus Cacajao (Primates: Pitheciidae), with the description of a new species

Silva

Amaral

Roos

et al. 2022

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution

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Section: Geographic Distribution Cacajao Ucayalii Occurs Mainly In Thementioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular phylogeny and systematics of bald uakaris, genus Cacajao (Primates: Pitheciidae), with the description of a new species

Silva

Amaral

Roos

et al. 2022

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution

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“…, sites 2 and 27) where pitheciids have been noted in habitat fragments (i.e., Callicebus ornatus [Wagner et al, ]; Callicebus nigrifrons [Santana et al, ]) were not included within the IUCN geographic ranges. Geographic range extensions have also been reported for Cacajao in continuous forest [Bowler et al, ; Cardoso et al, ; Vermeer et al, ]. As additional studies are conducted, the geographic ranges of each species will need to be verified.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Pitheciids in fragmented habitats: Land cover change and its implications for conservation

Boyle

2014

American J Primatol

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Pitheciids (Cacajao, Callicebus, Chiropotes, and Pithecia) have experienced habitat loss and fragmentation across their geographic range in South America. Some populations living in habitat fragments live in smaller groups, travel shorter distances, and consume items that are not regularly found in the diets of populations living in continuous habitat; however, these patterns are not consistent across species. I used the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species to delineate the geographic range and conservation status of 43 pitheciid species. I calculated the amount of modified land cover within the range of each species, as well as the extent to which the remaining habitat exists in small fragments and the amount of forest lost from 2000 to 2012. Mean forest fragment size ranged from 12 to 12,027 ha, and mean forest loss from 2000 to 2012 ranged from 10.7% for Chiropotes to 0.9% for Pithecia. Critically Endangered and Endangered species represented 20.9% of the pitheciid species, and 46.5% of these species had population trends documented as decreasing. Total modified land cover was greatest for Callicebus species (18.0% of geographic range), followed by Chiropotes (13.8%), Pithecia (4.4%), and Cacajao (1.1%). Species of greater conservation concern had smaller geographic ranges, and a greater percentage of their range consisting of modified land cover than species of lower conservation concern. Species of greater conservation concern also had a greater percentage of forest lost from 2000 to 2012 and a smaller percentage of the remaining forest being protected. Most studies of pitheciids in fragments have concentrated on census data; the behavior of pitheciids in fragments has been examined for only 9 of the 43 species. Increased data on the responses of pitheciid species to forest loss and fragmentation are necessary in order to address pitheciid conservation, especially in areas undergoing severe habitat loss.

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“…However, although initially considered habitat specialists to floodplain forests, the habitat requirements in Cacajao seem more complex than initially posited (Barnett et al., 2013; Heymann & Aquino, 2010), with some populations being reported in altitude areas (>600 m a.s.l. ), completely isolated from floodplain forests (Boubli, 1999; Boubli et al., 2008; Heymann & Aquino, 2010; Silva et al., 2021; Vermeer et al., 2013). A critical variable for the ecology of uakaris is the seasonality due to its effects on their habitat use in response to food availability (Barnett et al., 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Quaternary Amazonian river dynamics on the diversification of uakari monkeys (genus Cacajao)

Silva,

Luna,

Batista

et al. 2024

Journal of Biogeography

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AimThe central and western Amazonia underwent several landscape changes during the Quaternary. Whereas the Riverine Barrier Hypothesis is traditionally used to explain the influence of rivers on speciation, processes such as river rearrangements have been overlooked to explain the geographic distribution and evolutionary history of Amazonia biota. Here, we tested how river rearrangements influenced the evolutionary history of uakari monkeys, genus Cacajao, a primate genus primarily associated with seasonally flooded forests in central and western Amazonia.LocationCentral and Western Amazonia.TaxonThe genus Cacajao, including the black uakaris (C. melanocephalus, C. ayresi, C. hosomi); and the bald‐headed uakaris (C. calvus, C. amuna, C. rubicundus, C. ucayalii, C. novaesi).MethodsWe performed a continuous phylogeographic analysis using 77 cytochrome b sequences to identify the origin and dispersal of Cacajao lineages. We used genome‐wide SNP variation (ddRADseq) to investigate population structure, gene flow and demographic history in Cacajao populations and used digital elevation models to identify landscape and riverscape characteristics that may have influenced the geographic distribution of Cacajao.ResultsOur continuous phylogeographic reconstruction pointed out that the ancestral Cacajao lineage occupied the flooded forests of the Solimões River, in central Amazonia, at ~1.7 Mya and descendant lineages dispersed throughout central and western Amazonia more recently. We identified gene flow in both black and bald‐headed uakari populations, even across rivers considered barriers (e.g. the Negro River). Landscape analysis showed that river rearrangements influenced the geographic distribution and population structure in Cacajao. Historical demographic analyses suggest varied scenarios of population size changes among Cacajao monkeys consistent with periods of intense dynamism in flooded habitats and the formation of non‐flooded upland forests.Main ConclusionOur results support that the river rearrangements have shaped the geographic distribution and divergence of recently diverged Cacajao lineages. Landscape and riverscape changes, along with retractions of the flooded forests, isolated some Cacajao populations in floodplain areas. Our study also suggests that these events led to the recent changes in demographic histories in species with a restricted geographic distribution.

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A new population of red uakaris (<i>Cacajao calvus</i> ssp.) in the mountains of north-eastern Peru

Cited by 53 publications

References 14 publications

Molecular phylogeny and systematics of bald uakaris, genus Cacajao (Primates: Pitheciidae), with the description of a new species

Molecular phylogeny and systematics of bald uakaris, genus Cacajao (Primates: Pitheciidae), with the description of a new species

Pitheciids in fragmented habitats: Land cover change and its implications for conservation

Impact of Quaternary Amazonian river dynamics on the diversification of uakari monkeys (genus Cacajao)

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