A new pre-desulphurization process of damped lead battery paste with sodium carbonate based on a “surface update” concept

Zhang, Junfeng; Yi, Liang; Yang, Lei; Huang, Yan; Zhou, Wenfang; Bian, Wenjing

doi:10.1016/j.hydromet.2015.12.016

Cited by 29 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…[25] The ex situ nucleation process greatly improves the utilization rate of the lime conversion process, achieving a desulfation rate of 99.4% within 60 min. In terms of reactor modification to improve the reaction speed, [26] Zhang et al [27] reported the "surface update" process to significantly short the desulfation time by quickly removing the desulfation product from the surface of PbSO 4 particles with the help of mechanical force, which achieved an extremely low PbSO 4 residue of 0.5% and ultra-fast desulfation time of 20 min compared to the traditional process (2% and 60 min). Ma et al [28] proposed a forced surface renewal mechanism for adaptive surface grinding based on magnetic levitation, which greatly improved reaction efficiency and mass transfer speed, resulting in an increased desulfation rate of 97% at 3 h. Ning et al [29] used the rotating packed bed as the reactor for enhanced desulfation of spent lead paste, achieving a high desulfation rate of 97.2% in a discontinuous desulfation process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In terms of reactor modification to improve the reaction speed, [ 26 ] Zhang et al. [ 27 ] reported the “surface update” process to significantly short the desulfation time by quickly removing the desulfation product from the surface of PbSO 4 particles with the help of mechanical force, which achieved an extremely low PbSO 4 residue of 0.5% and ultra‐fast desulfation time of 20 min compared to the traditional process (2% and 60 min). Ma et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ultra‐Fast Recyclable and Value‐Added Desulfation Method for Spent Lead Paste via Dual Intensification Processes

Chai,

Li,

Wang

et al. 2023

Advanced Science

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The new low‐cost clean pre‐desulfation technology is very important in pyrometallurgy and hydrometallurgy. However, traditional reactors have low space‐time yield and desulfation rate, resulting in high energy consumption and SO2 emissions in the industrial desulfation processes. Herein, dual rotating liquid film reactors (RLFRs) and lime are proposed to construct a recyclable, ultra‐fast, and value‐added desulfation method. Parameter optimization and kinetic calculations prove that the above reactions are controlled by internal diffusion, revealing that RLFR promotes the mass transfer and reaction rate. The new process greatly shortens the desulfation time of lead paste from 40 min to 10 s with a high desulfation rate of 99.7%, and the sulfation time of lime from 30 min to 30 s with a sulfation rate of 98.6% with a net profit of 55.99 ¥/ton by cost accounting. Moreover, ten batches of continuous scale‐up experiments demonstrate the stability of processes, the desulfation and sulfation rates are kept at 99.7% and 98.2%, which greatly reduces the emissions of waste desulfate liquor. This work provides a new universal strategy for a sustainable, low‐cost, and clean desulfation method of waste resources to achieve technical and economic feasibility.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultra‐Fast Recyclable and Value‐Added Desulfation Method for Spent Lead Paste via Dual Intensification Processes

Chai,

Li,

Wang

et al. 2023

Advanced Science

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“…Xie et al combined the pre-desulfurization and low-temperature smelting processes to obtain 99.3% metallic lead using sodium hydroxide as the desulfurizer . Although the reaction temperature dropped significantly, still sulfur dioxide escaped due to the low desulfurization efficiency . Comparatively, sufficient conversion of sulfur can be achieved using hydrometallurgical technologies with various aqueous systems, including chlorine salts, , alkaline solutions (sodium carbonate, ammonium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, and so on), − and organic acids. , Ye et al extracted lead from bioleaching residue tailings using sodium chloride successfully, based on the solubility of complexation chlorides.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…17 Although the reaction temperature dropped significantly, still sulfur dioxide escaped due to the low desulfurization efficiency. 18 Comparatively, sufficient conversion of sulfur can be achieved using hydrometallurgical technologies with various aqueous systems, including chlorine salts, 19,20 alkaline solutions (sodium carbonate, ammonium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, and so on), 21−23 and organic acids. 24,25 Recently, an alternative approach based on mechanochemistry for materials synthesis, 26−28 waste treatment, 29 and metal alloying, has received considerable attention due to its ecofriendliness and moderate operating conditions.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Facile and Environmentally Friendly Approach for Lead Recovery from Lead Sulfate Residue via Mechanochemical Reduction: Phase Transformation and Reaction Mechanism

Che

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2021

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Lead sulfate residue (LSR) is an important secondary lead resource also categorized as a hazardous waste, which has gained great attention in clean and sustainable utilization technology due to the shortage of primary resources and environmental pollution. The current methods for LSR treatment involve a potential environmental risk including emission of SO x gas and generation of waste acids and alkali. Herein, an environmentally friendly method is proposed for treating LSR, by which lead was reduced under ambient conditions via mechanical ball milling using iron powder as the reductant. The phase transformation of lead was analyzed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, revealing that the reduction time, rotation speed, mass ratio of ball to material (B/M), and iron powder dosage positively influenced the reduction of lead sulfate. The highest lead sulfate reduction efficiency of 99.9% was obtained under optimum conditions: rotation speed of 300 rpm, reduction time of 2 h, B/M of 15 g/g, and 1.5 times the theoretical dosage of iron powder. The generated ferrous sulfate was subsequently removed by water washing, and excess iron powder was separated by melting, accompanied by metallic lead produced with a high purity of 99.2%. This process is simple and environmentally friendly, showing good potential for industrial application.

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“…Reacting lead paste with alkali carbonates aims to form lead carbonate, which can be also directly used in smelting furnaces. The advantage of using lead carbonate instead of lead sulfate allows diminishing smelting temperature and SO 2 emission [14]. Spent lead batteries can be also treated with acetates, resulting in conversion lead sulfate into lead acetate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lead Electrodeposition from Triethylenetetramine Solution Containing Inhibitors

Ciszewski

Orda

Drzazga

et al. 2021

Metals

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Lead can be efficiently electrodeposited from a number of common leaching agents such as mineral acids, carboxylic acids, and bases (hydroxides and ammonia). This paper reports the possibility to deposit lead from a triethylenetetramine solution, which is also a powerful extracting agent for lead sulfate. The high affinity of triethylenetetramine towards lead sulfate molecules makes it a promising candidate for lead recovery from various solid materials, including industrial secondary resources, sewages, and wastes. A popular methodology that can be found in the literature to recover metal from amine is based on purging a solution with carbon dioxide, resulting in lead carbonate precipitation. Here, the direct electrodeposition of lead from an amine solution was reported. The effects of the main process parameters, i.e., current density, temperature, and presence of additives, were examined to enhance the product quality. Bone glue, ethylene glycol, and polyvinylpyrolidone were used as perspective inhibitors of dendritic lead formation. It was shown that the addition of ethylene glycol can significantly reduce their formation as well as discoloration resulting from amine, producing lead metal with a 99.9% purity.

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A new pre-desulphurization process of damped lead battery paste with sodium carbonate based on a “surface update” concept

Cited by 29 publications

References 17 publications

Ultra‐Fast Recyclable and Value‐Added Desulfation Method for Spent Lead Paste via Dual Intensification Processes

Ultra‐Fast Recyclable and Value‐Added Desulfation Method for Spent Lead Paste via Dual Intensification Processes

A Facile and Environmentally Friendly Approach for Lead Recovery from Lead Sulfate Residue via Mechanochemical Reduction: Phase Transformation and Reaction Mechanism

Lead Electrodeposition from Triethylenetetramine Solution Containing Inhibitors

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