A new quantitative image-based method for evaluation of bony temporal hollowing in metopic synostosis

Hagmarker, Linn; Bhatti-Søfteland, Madiha; Maltese, Giovanni; Tarnow, Peter; Wikberg, Emma; Kölby, Lars; Bernhardt, Peter

doi:10.1080/2000656x.2016.1176579

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…In our opinion, there is the need for a comprehensive evaluation of the metopic patient, not based on a single angle but rather on different parameters/measures and clinical evaluation. [76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85] For instance, Fawzy et al 66 proposed the ''triple method'' for outcome evaluation of different pathologic components in metopic craniosynostosis, in order to provide a comprehensive view of the treatment outcome. This method includes the evaluation of craniometric, volumetric, and morphologic parameters.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthropometric Cranial Measurements in Metopic Craniosynostosis/Trigonocephaly: Diagnostic Criteria, Classification of Severity and Indications for Surgery

Sisti

Gharb

Papay

et al. 2021

Journal of Craniofacial Surgery

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Metopic craniosynostosis is the second most frequent type of craniosynostosis. When the phenotypic presentation has been deemed severe the treatment is surgical in nature and is performed in infancy with fronto-orbital advancement and cranial vault remodeling. At the time of this writing, there is no consensus regarding an objective evaluation system for severity, diagnostic criteria, or indications for surgery. This study aims to review the anthropometric cranial measurements and the relative diagnostic criteria/classification of severity/surgical indications proposed so far for this skull malformation, and to investigate if there is any scientific support for their utility.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthropometric Cranial Measurements in Metopic Craniosynostosis/Trigonocephaly: Diagnostic Criteria, Classification of Severity and Indications for Surgery

Sisti

Gharb

Papay

et al. 2021

Journal of Craniofacial Surgery

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“…Studies of Baek et al (2009) 13 and McNichols et al (2012) 14 met most of the inclusion criteria, but their full texts were unavailable. The majority (67%) of studies included in our systematic review were original articles, 3,10,15‐27 25% were case reports or series, 28‐33 one was a technical note, 34 and one was a featured operative technique 35 . The countries of origin included the United States (25%), China (25%), South Korea (21%), and Norway (8%), and one study each from the United Kingdom, Sweden, Japan, Canada, and Thailand.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Eleven publications discussed a classification system (Table 2). These included the visual analogue scale (VAS) 15,17,25 (27%), the hollowing severity rating scale system 15,36 (18%), the Whittaker classification 18,23 (18%), the Allergan Temple Hollowing Scale 21 (9%), the Temporal Hollowing Scale 19 (9%), and the Temporal Hollowing Aesthetic Evaluation Criteria 24 (9%). Some classified according to imaging findings 26 (9%) and some according to the pinch between the examiner's thumb and index finger 20 (9%).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal hollowing causes, classifications, and treatment options: A systematic review

Shay

Shachar

Olshinka

et al. 2022

J of Cosmetic Dermatology

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Background Recent developments in surgical techniques and grading schemas to treat temporal hollowing necessitate critically assessing their efficacy. This systematic review presents the currently available protocols for temporal hollowing, aimed toward improving the clinical approach, for the benefit of the surgeon and patient. Methods A search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, and Google Scholar in September 2021 using the keywords “temporal hollowing” and “temporal augmentation.” Inclusion criteria were English‐written articles published in peer‐reviewed journals that reported an outcome relating to the cause, classification, or procedure used to prevent or correct hollowing in humans. Results Of the 413, 966 publications retrieved, 24 met the study inclusion criteria. Twenty‐one publications discussed the etiology of temporal hollowing, 12 discussed a classification or grading system for temporal hollowing, and 19 discussed a procedure to prevent or correct temporal hollowing. The most commonly reported etiology for temporal hollowing was iatrogenic (63%). For classifying temporal hollowing severity, visual analogue scales (25%) were most commonly used. Mesh (26%) and autologous fat grafts (26%) were the most popular procedures used to prevent or correct temporal hollowing. Discussion We presented the spectrum of temporal hollowing grading schemas and treatment modalities currently published in the field. The use, by a majority of publications, of a grading system based on the subjective judgment of the examiner (either alone or adjunct to imaging results) suggests the need for a more standardized measurement tool. Future studies should investigate a universally applicable temporal hollowing classification system and its impact on treatment outcomes.

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“…The ‘‘flat, narrow forehead… attributable to arrested (bone) growth after surgery’’ 1 that is ‘‘Mainly caused by the shape of the underlying skeleton’’ 16 and ascribed to failure of lateral skull vault expansion ‘‘To keep up with the rate at which the head widens, thus resulting in a relative restriction of the width of the temporal region.’’ 15 and a ‘‘regression toward trigonocephaly.’’ 1 Such a growth-related process would explain (regardless of any relationship to FOR) its delayed onset. 1…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Group 2: 25 CT scans performed on 23 patients who had undergone FOR for MS. Mean age at surgery: 17.1 months (range: [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. Mean age at CT: 8.8 years (range: 3-18).…”

Section: Patients and Ct Scansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Late Deformity Following Fronto-Orbital Reconstructive Surgery for Metopic Synostosis: The Role of Temporalis Muscle

James

Rossi‐Espagnet

Moltoni

et al. 2022

Journal of Craniofacial Surgery

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: Theories for late-developing deformity (LDD) following fronto-orbital reconstructive surgery (FOR) for metopic synostosis (MS) must explain both its delayed onset and its physical characteristics. This study examined whether FOR-related interference with the normal childhood expansion of temporalis is responsible for its soft tissue component. Three-dimensional reformats of preoperative and postoperative computed tomography scans of MS patients were reviewed. Measurements of vertical and horizontal reach of temporalis against those of the underlying skull (to allow for normal skull growth) were compared with normal subjects. The thickness of temporalis and the development of the temporal crests were also assessed. Mean age at FOR was 17.1 months; interval between surgery and first report of LDD 4.7 years; mean age at computed tomography scan for post-FOR LDD patients 8.8 years. There was a significant difference between vertical and horizontal reach of temporalis in pre-FOR MS patients compared to normal subjects (P < 0.0017 and P < 0.05, respectively). The vertical age-related reach of temporalis in post-FOR patients after allowing for underlying skull growth was significantly reduced (P = 0.0045) compared to normal subjects but not its horizontal reach (P = 0.25). Temporal crests in LDD patients were absent or aberrantly formed while muscle thickness was similar to normal subjects at the 2 levels measured. This study supports the theory that failure of the normal childhood expansion of temporalis is responsible for the soft tissue element of LDD, accounting for both its delayed onset and physical characteristics. Aberrant temporal crest development suggests FOR-related damage as the probable cause.

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A new quantitative image-based method for evaluation of bony temporal hollowing in metopic synostosis

Abstract: In summary, this study presents a new tool for objective measurement of the surgical result after cranioplasty for metopic synostosis.

Cited by 7 publications

References 16 publications

Anthropometric Cranial Measurements in Metopic Craniosynostosis/Trigonocephaly: Diagnostic Criteria, Classification of Severity and Indications for Surgery

Anthropometric Cranial Measurements in Metopic Craniosynostosis/Trigonocephaly: Diagnostic Criteria, Classification of Severity and Indications for Surgery

Temporal hollowing causes, classifications, and treatment options: A systematic review

Late Deformity Following Fronto-Orbital Reconstructive Surgery for Metopic Synostosis: The Role of Temporalis Muscle

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