A New Role for Temperature in Insect Dormancy: Cold Maintains Diapause in Temperate Zone Diptera

Tauber, Maurice J.; Tauber, Catherine A.; Nechols, James R.; Helgesen, Robert G.

doi:10.1126/science.218.4573.690

Cited by 24 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Diapausing adults of the Swedish population of the heteropteran, Lygaeus equestris, sampled in October laid eggs after 10-20 days in diapause-promoting photoperiod, but at a high temperature of 30 ~ whereas at 23 ~ the pre-oviposition period lasted 60 days (Solbreck & Sill6n-Tullberg, 1981). Similar positive dependence of the rate of diapause completion on temperature increase was reported for the pupal diapause of the dipteran, Agromyza frontellla (Tauber et al, 1982). However, because the temperatures employed (10, 15.6, 21.1 ~ were combined with a long day, the results may have been affected by photoperiodic activation and they are not a good proof of the reported impact of temperature.…”

Section: Favourable Effects Of Diapause Development Under Low Temperasupporting

confidence: 64%

Multiple role of temperature during insect diapause: a review

Hodek

Hodková

1988

Entomologia Exp Applicata

182

134

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The review emphasizes that there are multiple pathways to diapause completion. The programmed course of events is modified by environmental cues. Often chilling is not a prerequisite for the completion of hibernation diapause (examples tabulated). Diapause completion progresses well at intermediate or high temperatures, sometimes it is even stimulated by high or increasing temperature. Low temperatures are important, as they (1) conserve metabolic reserves, (2) prevent resumption of post‐diapause morphogenesis and thus synchronize the life‐cycle, (3) represent contrast to the later increase in temperature. Diapause consists of phases with different prerequisites. There is a principal difference between diapause development and photoperiodic activation as indicated by the subsequent physiological condition of insects.

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Section: Favourable Effects Of Diapause Development Under Low Temperasupporting

confidence: 64%

Multiple role of temperature during insect diapause: a review

Hodek

Hodková

1988

Entomologia Exp Applicata

182

134

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“…Our results support the assumption that a thermally regulated pupal diapause is characteristic of hippoboscid louse ßies (Kennedy et al 1975). A thermally dominated diapause is not a common form of insect hibernation in the temperate zone because annual and seasonal ßuctuations in temperature usually offer less predictable signals than do photoperiodic cues; however, there are exceptions (Tauber et al 1982). We will further discuss how thermally regulated diapause may be the Þrst cornerstone for life cycle synchronization in the deer ked.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…The second scenario would be that diapause was reversed by exposure to high temperature. Diapause was shown to be reversed by warm conditions in the alfalfa blotch leaf miner Agromyza frontella (Rondani) (Argomyzidae) (Tauber et al 1982). Furthermore, Nijhout (1998) reports that diapause in the moth Manduca sexta L. (Sphingidae) and the butterßy Papilio polyxenes F. (Papilionidae) may be terminated under high constant temperature without exposure to a cold period, but that it is terminated more predictably and rapidly after chilling.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Months of Asynchrony in Offspring Production but Synchronous Adult Emergence: The Role of Diapause in an Ectoparasite's Life Cycle

Härkönen

Kaitala

2013

env. entom.

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Off-host stages of temperate zone ectoparasites must overcome two challenges: coping with unfavorable seasons and synchronizing their life cycles with host availability. In general, little is known about the seasonal cycles of insect ectoparasites of warm-blooded animals. The current study investigates the unusual phenology of a viviparous hippoboscid fly, the deer ked (Lipoptena cervi L.), that parasitizes boreal cervids. Despite months of asynchrony in offspring production, the adults emerge synchronously in mid-August across the northern boreal zone. We examined the role of diapause variation in the synchronization of life cycles by testing adult emergence success and time in relation to offspring birth month (October to April) and with respect to chilling time and photoperiod. Unexpectedly, we found that photoperiod had no role in regulating the life cycle, but diapause was maintained as long as pupae were exposed to cold. Pupae born before February needed a slightly longer exposure to high temperatures to terminate diapause if the cold period was short. Despite the apparent importance of a long period of chilling for life cycle synchrony, it was not required to terminate diapause. This finding of cold mainly preventing, rather than promoting, diapause termination is not novel among temperate insects, but it is rare. Slow diapause termination as a response to exceptionally long exposure to high, not low, temperatures seems to be a cornerstone for synchronizing the life cycle in the deer ked.

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“…Furthermore, clinal patterns in diapause length indicate that introduced populations have adapted locally. Insect diapause has been found to be adaptive to local conditions even with small founding populations (Tauber et al 1982).…”

Section: Diapause Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Are bottlenecks associated with colonization? Genetic diversity and diapause variation of native and introduced Rhagoletis completa populations

et al. 2006

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The success of invasive species appears to be a paradox: despite experiencing strong population bottlenecks, invasive species are able to successfully establish in new environments. We studied how the walnut husk fly, Rhagoletis completa, was able to successfully colonize California from the Midwestern United States, by examining genetic diversity and diapause variation of native and introduced fly populations. Climate plays an important role in the successful establishment of introduced insects, because insect diapause is highly dependent upon external climatic conditions. We examined if: (1) fly populations show signs of a population bottleneck, (2) native and introduced flies differ in diapause length when exposed to California and Midwestern climatic conditions, and (3) population genetic diversity is related to variation in diapause length. We assessed if fly diapause conformed more to a model of establishment by local adaptation or to a model of a highly plastic "general-purpose genotype". Our results indicate that only two populations close to the original introduced location showed signs of a population bottleneck, and native and introduced populations did not differ in genetic diversity. Genetic diversity increased in the northern introduced populations, suggesting that multiple introductions have occurred. Flies emerged about 2 weeks earlier under the Midwestern treatment than the California treatment, and introduced flies emerged about a week earlier than native flies. All flies emerged when walnuts are typically available in California. Although variance in diapause length differed between populations, it did not vary between populations or regions. Furthermore, genetic diversity was not associated with diapause variation. Therefore, multiple introductions and a "general-purpose genotype" appear to have facilitated the fly's invasion into California.

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A New Role for Temperature in Insect Dormancy: Cold Maintains Diapause in Temperate Zone Diptera

Cited by 24 publications

References 13 publications

Multiple role of temperature during insect diapause: a review

Multiple role of temperature during insect diapause: a review

Months of Asynchrony in Offspring Production but Synchronous Adult Emergence: The Role of Diapause in an Ectoparasite's Life Cycle

Are bottlenecks associated with colonization? Genetic diversity and diapause variation of native and introduced Rhagoletis completa populations

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