A New Scintillator for Fast Neutron Detection: Single-Crystal ${\rm CeCl}_{3}({\rm CH}_{3}{\rm OH})_{4}$

Neal, J.S.; Boatner, L. A.; Bell, Zane W.; McConchie, Seth M; Wiśniewski, D.; Ramey, J. O.; Kolopus, James A.; Chakoumakos, Bryan C.; Wisniewska, M.; Custelcean, Radu

doi:10.1109/tns.2010.2046911

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…192(2)Å, a¼104.428(2)1, b¼104.554(2)1, U¼97.692(2)1, V¼5355.3 (10)Å 3) . Note that this material has a formula unit that is now different from that of the crystals obtained from the reaction of CeBr 3 with 1-proponal as described in the preceding section.…”

Section: Cecl 3 Plus 1-propanolmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The initial discovery of the cerium-based metal-organic coordination complex CeCl 3 (CH 3 OH) 4 [1,2] and its accompanying identification as a single crystal scintillator for the detection of both gamma rays and fast neutrons [1,3], has led to the subsequent identification of a number of other Ce 3 þ -activated metal-organic scintillators [4]-including scintillating materials that are produced by reactions between mixed rare-earth halides and methanol [5] (other new nonscintillating rare-earth metal-organic compounds have been discovered as well [6]). The prior results, combined with the development of the new rare-earth metal-organic scintillators described here, show that compounds of this type, in fact, represent a whole new class of scintillating materials with a relatively large number of members [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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New cerium-based metal–organic scintillators for radiation detection

Boatner

Neal

Ramey

et al. 2013

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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Section: Cecl 3 Plus 1-propanolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New cerium-based metal–organic scintillators for radiation detection

Boatner

Neal

Ramey

et al. 2013

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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“…They are divided into gas-based detectors [5][6][7][8][9] which use a gas that is electrically biased to collect ionized particles, which are a result of the interaction between the radiation particle and the fill gas, semiconductor detectors [10][11][12][13][14] which rely on a reverse biased diode junction to create electron hole pairs when the depletion region is excited by incoming radiation particles, and scintillator detectors [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] which interact with incoming radiation particles and, as a result, release light photons that are detected using an optical transducer. Nanostructured materials on MEMS integrated devices could replace most current conventional radiation sensors, the majority of which rely mainly on lattice defects in single crystal silicon structures that are induced by irradiation [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanostructured graphene–Schottky junction low-bias radiation sensors

Serry

Sharaf

Emira

et al. 2015

Sensors and Actuators A: Physical

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Please cite this article in press as: M. Serry, et al., Nanostructured graphene-Schottky junction low-bias radiation sensors, Sens. Actuators A: Phys. (2015), http://dx. a b s t r a c tWe present a key idea of using the graphene-based Schottky junction to achieve high sensitivity and wide detection range radiation sensors. Nanostructured Schottky junction is formed at the interface between a graphene, metal electrode, and a semiconductor. The current flowing through the junction is mainly controlled by the barrier's height and width. Therefore, the detection principle is based on Schottky barrier height (SBH) modulation in response to different materials and stimuli. We have illustrated the concept for gamma (␥) radiation sensors. It's demonstrated that the integration of graphene leads to a great enhancement in sensitivity of up to 11 times coupled with 5 times increase in the sensing range as compared to conventional Schottky junctions. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that for proposed sensors, that the change in SBH could be fairly linearized as a function in the radiation dose unlike the SBH of comparable conventional junctions. The new concept opens the door for a novel class of minitiuarized, low biased, nanoscale radiation sensors for wireless sensor networks. The devices are based on new nanostructured Schottky junctions made by growing graphene on ultrathin platinum catalytic layer grown on different silicon substrates. Graphene high uniformity film with small flakes size embedded with platinum particles was synthesized using two deposition steps. The integration of graphene layers on regular M-S junctions was only possible by using an ALD grown platinum thin film (10-40 nm) and then growing graphene in PECVD at temperatures lower than platinum silicide formation temperature. The radiation sensing behaviors were investigated using two different substrate types. The first substrate type is a moderately doped n-type (n ≈ 2 × 10 15 cm −3 ) silicon substrate in which a Schottky rectifier response with different threshold voltages was observed. A device that is based on Pt/n-Si conventional Schottky junction was used as a reference. The various devices were exposed to a range of ␥-irradiations (2-120 kGy) using Co 60 source, and a change in terminal voltages before and after radiation were measured accordingly. A sensitivity of 3.259 A/kGy cm 2 at 1 V bias over a wide detection range has been realized. The charge transport mechanisms are interpreted on the basis of testing the detectors at elevated temperatures and theoretical models, both of which both verified tunneling as the dominant charge transport in the device. Tunneling allowed the operation of the detectors at low bias voltages with good sensitivity. The detector's realized sensitivity at low bias voltage is a significant advantage, allowing the sensor to operate on a small battery or an energy-harvesting source. This is ideal for low-cost wireless sensor networks.The obtained responses, increase in sensitivity, and increase in detection range, wer...

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“…4 Specifically, CeCl 3 (CH 3 OH) 4 , the first material discovered in this class, demonstrated scintillation capabilities with surprising efficiencies, i.e., surpassing that of bismuth germanium oxide (BGO), a well-known scintillator. 1,2 Additionally, due to the presence of hydrogen in the compound, CeCl 3 (CH 3 OH) 4 is capable of detecting high-energy neutrons (e.g., 14.1 MeV neutrons from the deuterium-tritium reaction) without the necessity of employing prior thermalization. 4 This capability is not present in the case of the inorganic cerium activated inorganic halides such as LaBr 3 :Ce or LaCl 3 :Ce.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,2 Additionally, due to the presence of hydrogen in the compound, CeCl 3 (CH 3 OH) 4 is capable of detecting high-energy neutrons (e.g., 14.1 MeV neutrons from the deuterium-tritium reaction) without the necessity of employing prior thermalization. 4 This capability is not present in the case of the inorganic cerium activated inorganic halides such as LaBr 3 :Ce or LaCl 3 :Ce. 5−8 The syntheses of other scintillators with compositions related to that of CeCl 3 (CH 3 OH) 4 , such as CeBr 3 (CH 3 OH) 4 , followed rapidly, thereby expanding the family of scintillation materials into the bromide derivatives.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Family of Cerium Halide Based Materials: CeX₃·ROH Compounds Containing Planes, Chains, and Tetradecanuclear Rings

et al. 2012

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Six members of a new family of cerium-halide-based materials with promising scintillation behavior have been synthesized in single crystal form, and their crystal structures were determined. Specifically, these new compounds are [(CeCl(3))(7)(BuOH)(16)(H(2)O)(2)]·(BuOH)(2) (1), (CeBr(3))(14)(BuOH)(36) (2), [(CeCl(3))(7)(1-PrOH)(16)(H(2)O)(2)]·(1-PrOH)(2) (3), [(CeBr(3))(7)(1-PrOH)(18)]·(1-PrOH)(2) (4), [(CeCl(3))(6)(iBuOH)(15)]·(iBuOH)(2) (5), and CeCl(3)(sec-BuOH)(2)(H(2)O) (6). Additionally, the scintillation ability of compound 1 was established. The structures of these cerium-halide-based materials consist of catenated tetradecanuclear rings that arrange themselves into three distinct structural motifs which contain the largest lanthanide-based ring structures reported to date; the different motifs are obtained by involving specific alcohols during synthesis. Specifically, n-butanol and n-propanol lead to 1-D chains of tetradecanuclear rings, and iso-butanol leads to 2-D parquet-patterned sheets of rectangular tetradecanuclear rings, while sec-butanol results in a zigzag 1-D chain structure. One of the compounds, [(CeCl(3))(6)(iBuOH)(15)]·(iBuOH)(2), has been shown to scintillate with a light yield of up to 1920 photons/MeV, and due to the presence of protons, it should be capable of detecting high energy neutrons without the necessity of prior thermalization. Furthermore, it also appears to be the first cerium-based compound that scintillates in spite of the fact that water coordinates to two of the Ce(III) centers within the structure.

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A New Scintillator for Fast Neutron Detection: Single-Crystal ${\rm CeCl}_{3}({\rm CH}_{3}{\rm OH})_{4}$

Cited by 8 publications

References 3 publications

New cerium-based metal–organic scintillators for radiation detection

New cerium-based metal–organic scintillators for radiation detection

Nanostructured graphene–Schottky junction low-bias radiation sensors

New Family of Cerium Halide Based Materials: CeX₃·ROH Compounds Containing Planes, Chains, and Tetradecanuclear Rings

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A New Scintillator for Fast Neutron Detection: Single-Crystal ${\rm CeCl}_{3}({\rm CH}_{3}{\rm OH})_{4}$

Cited by 8 publications

References 3 publications

New cerium-based metal–organic scintillators for radiation detection

New cerium-based metal–organic scintillators for radiation detection

Nanostructured graphene–Schottky junction low-bias radiation sensors

New Family of Cerium Halide Based Materials: CeX3·ROH Compounds Containing Planes, Chains, and Tetradecanuclear Rings

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Product

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New Family of Cerium Halide Based Materials: CeX₃·ROH Compounds Containing Planes, Chains, and Tetradecanuclear Rings