A new self-healing epoxy with tungsten (VI) chloride catalyst

Kamphaus, Jason M.; Rule, Joseph D.; Moore, Jeffrey S.; Sottos, Nancy R.; White, Scott R.

doi:10.1098/rsif.2007.1071

Cited by 132 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 26 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…As described in the articles by White et al and Bond et al in this issue, several new compartmentalized self-healing materials systems have emerged, ranging from elastomers 71,75 to highly cross-linked polymer composites. 64,[76][77][78][79] Although self-healing polymers composed of compartmentalized healing agents exhibit remarkable mechanical performance and regenerative ability, these materials generally are limited to autonomic repair of a single damage event in a given location. Once the capsules or fibers in a localized region are depleted of healing agent, further repair is precluded.…”

Section: Trigger and Release For Autonomic Healingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioinspired Materials for Self-Cleaning and Self-Healing

Youngblood¹,

Sottos²

2008

MRS Bull.

110

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Biological systems have the ability to sense, react, regulate, grow, regenerate, and heal. Recent advances in materials chemistry and micro-and nanoscale fabrication techniques have enabled biologically inspired materials systems that mimic many of these remarkable functions. This issue of MRS Bulletin highlights two promising classes of bioinspired materials systems: surfaces that can self-clean and polymers that can self-heal. Self-cleaning surfaces are based on the superhydrophobic effect, which causes water droplets to roll off with ease, carrying away dirt and debris. Design of these surfaces is inspired by the hydrophobic micro-and nanostructures of a lotus leaf. Self-healing materials are motivated by biological systems in which damage triggers a site-specific, autonomic healing response. Self-healing has been achieved using several different approaches for storing and triggering healing functionality in the polymer. In this issue, we examine the most successful strategies for self-cleaning and self-healing materials and discuss future research directions and opportunities for commercial applications. Bioinspired Materialsfor Self-Cleaning and Self-Healing Jeffrey P. Youngblood and Nancy R. Sottos, Guest Editors water droplets. 11-13 Self-healing materials are inspired by living systems in which minor damage (e.g., a contusion or bruise) triggers an autonomic healing response. Successful healing relies on seamless integration of reactive chemical functionality into a polymer or polymer composite at the microscale, nanoscale, or molecular level. Although these two functions are quite different, together they represent the wide range of autonomic responses achievable through bioinspired design. In this article, we separately introduce the key elements of self-cleaning and self-healing materials systems and identify the scientific challenges and successful strategies for continued advancement of these nascent fields. Self-Cleaning SurfacesInterest in self-cleaning surfaces has been rekindled because of the newfound ability to structure surfaces on the submicron scale over large planar areas relevant to macroscale wetting. These structured surfaces allow the so-called "lotus-leaf effect," whereby water droplets are shed easily from certain structures, carrying away dirt and other debris. 11-13 Such bioinspired topographical methods toward self-cleaning are the focus of this review.

show abstract

Section: Trigger and Release For Autonomic Healingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioinspired Materials for Self-Cleaning and Self-Healing

Youngblood¹,

Sottos²

2008

MRS Bull.

110

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The development of this wax encasing technique also allowed other ROMP catalysts, with significantly lower air stability and lower functional group tolerance (but also lower price) compared to Grubbs' catalyst, to be incorporated into self-healing polymers. 85 …”

Section: Microencapsulated Healing Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In most reports of microcapsule based self-healing mechanisms, increasing loadings of liquid filled capsules significantly toughens the composite matrix, relative to 29,226 Epoxy resin filled capsules/solid imidazole catalyst 37 Epoxy resin/mercaptan filled capsules 43 Phase separated pEMAA particles 117 DCPD filled capsules/solid, wax encased Tungsten catalyst 85 Shape memory alloy wires 79,80 Epoxy resin filled capsules/matrix dissolved imidazole catalyst 38,40,41 Matrix dissolved thermoplastic polymer 155 Strength Epoxy resin-filled capsules/matrix dissolved imidazole catalyst (CAI) 42 PDMS containing capsules (tear) 46 Epoxy resin filled hollow fibres: large pitch spacing (flexural) [133][134][135] Epoxy resin filled microvascular network (flexural) 153 Epoxy resin filled hollow fibres: small pitch spacing (flexural) [132][133][134] Epoxy resin/mercaptan filled capsules (flexural, tensile) Phase separated Epoxy polymer particles (tension) 115,116 Phase separated pEMAA particles (flexural) 117 Phase separated poly(caprolactone) (storage) 119 …”

Section: Virgin Property Reductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-healing polymers and composites

Mauldin¹,

Kessler²

2010

International Materials Reviews

236

136

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Inspired by the unique and efficient wound healing processes in biological systems, several approaches to develop synthetic polymers that can repair themselves with complete, or nearly complete, autonomy have recently been developed. This review aims to survey the rapidly expanding field of self-healing polymers by reviewing the major successful autonomic repairing mechanisms developed over the last decade. Additionally, we discuss several issues related to transferring these self-healing technologies from the laboratory to real applications, such as virgin polymer property changes as a result of the added healing functionality, healing in thin films v. bulk polymers, and healing in the presence of structural reinforcements.

show abstract

“…Despite high healing efficiencies (3), the high price of the ruthenium catalyst and its low stability in the presence of moisture, amine hardeners and oxygen, limited its commercialization. Several modifications were proposed including protecting the Grubbs' catalyst in wax or usage of alternative second generation, Hoveyda -Grubbs' and Tungsten hexachloride as catalysts (6)(7)(8). However, these barriers still limit DCPD/Grubbs' system wider application in autonomous healing materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Self-healing has already been widely studied in polymers and the fibre reinforced composites where autonomous repair has been achieved through a range of approaches (2-4) including embedding healing-agentfilled microcapsules (5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23), hollow fibres (24)(25)(26) or incorporating vascular networks capable of delivering various healing chemistries (27,28). These systems are considered as extrinsic, and mean that the healing chemistries are introduced externally into the crack planes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of microcapsule—catalyst particles healing system in high performance fibre reinforced polymer composite

Bolimowski¹,

Wass²,

Bond³

2016

Smart Mater. Struct.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

General rightsThis document is made available in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite only the published version using the reference above. Full terms of use are available: http://www.bristol.ac.uk/pure/about/ebr-terms Assessment of microcapsule -catalyst particles healing system in high performance fibre reinforced polymer composite. AbstractAutonomous self-healing in carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) is demonstrated using epoxy resin filled microcapsules and a solid-state catalyst. Microcapsules filled with oligomeric epoxy resin (20-450 µm) and particles of Sc(OTf) 3 are embedded in an interleave region of a unidirectional CFRP laminate and tested under mode I loading. Double cantilever beam (DCB) test specimens containing variable concentrations of microcapsules and catalyst were prepared, tested and compared to those healed by manual injection with corresponding healing resin formulation. The healing efficiency was evaluated by comparing the maximum peak load recorded on load-displacement curves for pristine and healed specimens. A 44% maximum recovery was observed for specimens containing 10wt% of solid phase catalyst and 11wt% of epoxy microcapsules. However, a significant (80%) decrease in initial strain energy release rate (G IC ) was observed for specimens with the embedded healing chemistries. Visual abstractEpoxy filled microcapsules with poly(urea-formaldehyde) shell wall after synthesis (left) and following fracture testing. 500#µm## 500#µm##

show abstract

A new self-healing epoxy with tungsten (VI) chloride catalyst

Cited by 132 publications

References 26 publications

Bioinspired Materials for Self-Cleaning and Self-Healing

Bioinspired Materials for Self-Cleaning and Self-Healing

Self-healing polymers and composites

Assessment of microcapsule—catalyst particles healing system in high performance fibre reinforced polymer composite

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About