A new sensitive and selective detection of Ga³⁺ by thiophene‐based ‘turn‐on’ fluorescent chemosensor

Abstract

We designed a thiophene-based fluorescent chemosensor DHTCdetecting gallium (Ga 3+ ). DHTC could probe Ga 3+ using fluorescence enhancement.The limit of detection for Ga 3+ by DHTC was 0.39 μM. The binding mode of DHTC to Ga 3+ was determined as a 1:1 ratio from analysis by Job's plot and electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). In addition, DHTC could selectively detect Ga 3+ using test kits. The sensing process of Ga 3+ by DHTC was presented using ultraviolet-visible light titration, Job's plot, ESI-MS, 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance titration, and density functional theory calculation.

Robust Optical Detection of Ga3+ by a Rhodamine- and Coumarin-Based Proficient Probe: Theoretical Investigations and Biological Applications

“…It is well-known that detection methods are expanding rapidly worldwide, but the use of fluorescent techniques for the detection of analytes is always ahead of other techniques and has become a hot subject in chemical research due to its high sensitivity, selectivity, affordability, and ease of use. − Schiff-base ligands with potential fluorophores and extended conjugation are mainly used to detect Ga 3+ because of their far absorption and emission properties and the formation of the geometric cavity for chelation. − One more important factor is the selectivity, which is lacking in many chemosensors due to their multiple detection ability for many group 13 metal ions. − In group 13, the size of the Al is more than Ga due to the well-known d-contraction in Ga (poor shielding effect of the 3d-electrons). Therefore, having hard donor sites with comparatively smaller cavity sizes prefers Ga 3+ more prominently over Al 3+ .…”