A new simple method of staining exogenous surfactant in experimental research

Krause, Martín; Orlowska-Volk, Marzenna; Hendrik, Edwin; Gommers, Diederik; Lachmann, Burkhard

doi:10.1034/j.1399-3003.2000.15e23.x

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…BAL fluid containing surfactant was used to assess minimal and maximal surface tensions using a modified Wilhelmy balance (E. Biegler, Mauerbach, Austria), as previously described (27).…”

Section: Animal Preparation and Clinicalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surfactant “fortification” by topical inhibition of nuclear factor-κB activity in a newborn piglet lavage model*

Bismarck

Klemm

Wistädt

et al. 2007

Critical Care Medicine

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“…BAL fluid containing surfactant was used to assess minimal and maximal surface tensions using a modified Wilhelmy balance (E. Biegler, Mauerbach, Austria), as previously described (27).…”

Section: Animal Preparation and Clinicalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surfactant “fortification” by topical inhibition of nuclear factor-κB activity in a newborn piglet lavage model*

Bismarck

Klemm

Wistädt

et al. 2007

Critical Care Medicine

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“…A diluted green histology dye (Green Tissue Marking Dye, WAK-Chemie Medical, Bad Soden, Germany) was mixed with the surfactant preparation, adding an additional 1/10 volume to the surfactant preparation, and hand-stirred for 5 min. The original dye preparation was diluted 1:10 with normal saline before adding to surfactant as previously described (19). All animals of the intervention groups received 200 mg/kg Curosurf equivalent to a volume of 5.5 mL/kg via a second lumen of the ETT within 2 min (20) regardless of the absolute amount of fluid administered and without interrupting mechanical ventilation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The surfactant staining technique used in this study (19) allows to describe surfactant distribution at the alveolar level, also giving some information about the timely responses of, for example, surfactant incorporation into macrophages or the build-up of the exogenous surfactant layer onto hyaline membranes.…”

Section: Alveolar Recruitment and Surfactantmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alveolar Recruitment Promotes Homogeneous Surfactant Distribution in a Piglet Model of Lung Injury

et al. 2001

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Uneven distribution of exogenous surfactant contributes to a poor clinical response in animal models of respiratory distress syndrome. Alveolar recruitment at the time of surfactant administration may lead to more homogeneous distribution within the lungs and result in a superior clinical response. To investigate the effects of three different volume recruitment maneuvers on gas exchange, lung function, and homogeneity of surfactant distribution, we studied 35 newborn piglets made surfactant deficient by repeated airway lavage with warm saline. Volume recruitment was achieved by either a temporal increase in tidal volume or an increase in end-expiratory pressure during surfactant administration, yielding an increase in dynamic compliance of the respiratory system of 77% in the first group and an increase in functional residual capacity of 108% in the second group. A third group of piglets (all n ϭ 7) received a combination of both volume recruitment maneuvers, with increases in dynamic compliance of the respiratory system of 100% and in functional residual capacity of 192%. Those animals subjected to increased tidal volume showed an improved surfactant response in terms of oxygenation, ventilation, lung volumes, lung mechanics, and homogeneity of surfactant distribution. Increased end-expiratory volume augmented the surfactant effect only to some extent. The combination of both volume recruitment maneuvers, however, needed lung volumes beyond total lung capacity (approximately 56 mL/kg), thus probably inducing early sequelae of ventilatorinduced lung injury. We conclude that volume recruitment by means of increased tidal volumes at the time of surfactant administration leads to a superior surfactant effect owing to more homogeneous surfactant distribution within a collapsed lung. Surfactant treatment has reduced mortality and morbidity in infants with RDS (1). However, detrimental factors affecting response to therapy are numerous, such as uneven distribution of exogenous surfactant, insufficient dosage, inability of exogenous surfactant to enter the metabolic pathways, inhibition of surface activity by plasma-derived proteins, or respiratory failure caused by factors other than surfactant deficiency (2).Two clinical studies (3, 4) have identified patent ductus arteriosus, gas accumulation outside the alveolar level, and pulmonary infection as the main reasons for nonresponse in neonates with RDS, leading to an increased mortality as high as 40% of affected infants. Poor response, however, is thought to be predominantly caused by uneven surfactant distribution. Animal studies have shown that the distribution of exogenous surfactant is often nonuniform, and that nonuniform distribution patterns are associated with poor clinical response (5-7).The immediate increase in FRC after surfactant administration to infants with RDS (8 -10) can be considered to be the result of two mechanisms: stabilization of previously collapsing alveoli at end-expiration, and stabilization of alveoli already being ventilated at higher e...

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“…PL-concentration in emulsions was determined as described above. Fine structure of surfactant-in-PFC and PFC-in-surfactant emulsions was assessed by light microscopy after colouring surfactant with green dye [10], [23]. Stability during administration was tested in-vitro by giving 1.5 ml of green dye-coloured Persurf (20 mg/ml Surfactant concentration) over 60 seconds through a 8 Ch suction catheter.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Surfactant was stained as described by Krause and coworker [10], [23]. In short, a diluted (1∶10) green histological dye (Green Tissue Marking Dye, WAK-Chemie Medical, Bad Soden, Germany) was mixed with the surfactant preparation at a ration of 1∶10 (v/v).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persurf, a New Method to Improve Surfactant Delivery: A Study in Surfactant Depleted Rats

Burkhardt¹,

Kraft

Ochs

et al. 2012

PLoS ONE

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PurposeExogenous surfactant is not very effective in adults with ARDS, since surfactant does not reach atelectatic alveoli. Perfluorocarbons (PFC) can recruit atelectatic areas but do not replace impaired endogenous surfactant. A surfactant-PFC-mixture could combine benefits of both therapies. The aim of the proof-of-principal-study was to produce a PFC-in-surfactant emulsion (Persurf) and to test in surfactant depleted Wistar rats whether Persurf achieves I.) a more homogenous pulmonary distribution and II.) a more homogenous recruitment of alveoli when compared with surfactant or PFC alone.MethodsThree different PFC were mixed with surfactant and phospholipid concentration in the emulsion was measured. After surfactant depletion, animals either received 30 ml/kg of PF5080, 100 mg/kg of stained (green dye) Curosurf™ or 30 ml/kg of Persurf. Lungs were fixated after 1 hour of ventilation and alveolar aeration and surfactant distribution was estimated by a stereological approach.ResultsPersurf contained 3 mg/ml phospholipids and was stable for more than 48 hours. Persurf-administration improved oxygenation. Histological evaluation revealed a more homogenous surfactant distribution and alveolar inflation when compared with surfactant treated animals.ConclusionsIn surfactant depleted rats administration of PFC-in-surfactant emulsion leads to a more homogenous distribution and aeration of the lung than surfactant alone.

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A new simple method of staining exogenous surfactant in experimental research

Cited by 9 publications

References 14 publications

Surfactant “fortification” by topical inhibition of nuclear factor-κB activity in a newborn piglet lavage model*

Surfactant “fortification” by topical inhibition of nuclear factor-κB activity in a newborn piglet lavage model*

Alveolar Recruitment Promotes Homogeneous Surfactant Distribution in a Piglet Model of Lung Injury

Persurf, a New Method to Improve Surfactant Delivery: A Study in Surfactant Depleted Rats

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