A new solvent extraction process for soybean oil

Sweeney, O. R.; Arnold, Lionel K.

doi:10.1007/bf02903176

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…JOHNSON and reduced costs of extraction equipment and fire-fighting provisions. Trichloroethylene was particularly attractive because it was readily available (being used in quantity for degreasing metal parts (37) and dry cleaning (38)); and moisture of the flakes had little effect on extraction rate (39). Industrial supplies of trichloroethylene have boiling points of about 87 C, which are low enough for easy evaporation without excessive volatility.…”

Section: Trichloroethylenementioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of alternative solvents for oils extraction

Johnson

Lusas

1983

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

313

188

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A B S T R A C TA comprehensive review of the literature about use of solvents for extraction of oilseeds is presented. Mention has been found of over 70 solvents. Currently, hexane is the major solvent in use, but recent price increases and safety, environmental and health concerns, have generated interest in alternatives. Solvents vary considerably in chemical and physical properties which affect their performance in oil extraction. The choice of solvent depends upon the primary end product desired (oil or meal). Recent research on alternative solvents has focused on ethanol, isopropanol, methylene chloride, aqueous acetone, and hexane/acetone/water mixtures. I N T R O D U C T I O NSolvent extraction has been defined as a process for transporting materials from one phase to another for the purpose of separating one or more compounds from mixtures. In the case of oilseed extraction, crude vegetable oil is separated by solvent from meal comprising proteins and carbohydrates. Various solvents have been used commercially, and others have been proposed, based on encouraging laboratory results; but currently, hexane is the solvent of choice by oilseed processors. Operating losses of solvent range between 0.2 and 2.0 gallons per ton of seed processed, and a 6-to 8-fold increase in price during the last decade, has made hexane costs a major factor in oilseed milling. Occasional scarcities of hexane, toxicological and environmental concerns, and several catastrophic explosions and fires have motivated searches for alternative solvents. Listings of references for various solvents and their usage were published on two occasions in this journal (1,2); and Hron et al.(3) recently discussed biorenewable solvents. However, a comprehensive review of alternative solvents for oilseeds extraction has not been published. D I S S O L U T I O N T H E O R YSolvent extraction dissolution theory, based on the laws of thermodynamics, has been explained by Sedine and Hasegawa (4). During dissolution, two separate substances, the solute and the solvent, form a molecular mixture. Dissolution is always accompanied by a negative free energy change. Free energy (AG) is related by the Gibbs equation to enthalpy (or heat content (AH)), absolute temperature (T), and entropy (or amount of disorder (AS)) as: z~G=~H-TASBecause dissolution involves mixing of two substances and an increase in their disorder, a positive entropy change, oecu IS.Dissolution involves two endothermic processes and one exothermic. First, solute molecules (whether solid or liquid) separate into isolated molecules. This is an endothermic process. Its energy is called "lattice energy," "heat of sublimation," or "heat of vaporization," and is small when the solute molecules are nonpolar. The separated solute molecules are next dispersed into the solvent. Energy is required to dissociate the solvent molecules, in preparation to accommodate the solute molecules. The energy required increases with increasing intermolecular interactions in the pure solvent in the following order: n...

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Section: Trichloroethylenementioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of alternative solvents for oils extraction

Johnson

Lusas

1983

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

313

188

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“…Miseella concentration was a function of solvent-flake ratio, extraction time, temperature, and extraction characteristics of the individual flakes being processed. The plant capacity has been calculated in its relation to that for soybeans since commercial units similar to the pilot plant have been operated on soybeans with trichloroethylene as a solvent (10).…”

Section: Pilot Plant Extractionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…T HE use of trichloroethylene as a solvent for soybean oil has received considerable study and development (10). However little has been reported previously on its suitability as a solvent for other vegetable oils.…”

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confidence: 99%

The extraction of wheat germs, milkweed seeds, and cottonseed by trichloroethylene

Arnold

Sweeney

Russell

1953

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

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“…While in general the heat treatment received by the meal in the various solvent extraction processes is similar, the commercial processing data considered in this paper are specifically those from a 25-ton per day plant (Figure 1) of the type described by Sweeney and Arnold (13). All of the experimental results were obtained with trichloroethylene-extracted meal.…”

Section: Commercial Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%