A new species of Characidium (Characiformes: Crenuchidae) from coastal basins in the Atlantic Rainforest of eastern Brazil, with phylogenetic and phylogeographic insights into the Characidium alipioi species group

Abstract

A new species of Characidium from southeastern Brazil is described based on morphological and molecular evidence from specimens collected between the rio Jucuruçu and rio Doce basins. The new species belongs to a group of species within Characidium with an unscaled area in the isthmus and is distinguished from these species, except C. alipioi, C. fasciatum, C. hasemani, and C. kamakan, by the greater distance (greater than 10% SL) and presence of 5-7 scales between the anus and the anal fin, and presence of 14 series of scales around the caudal peduncle. The species is distinguished from C. alipioi by having 4 series of scales above the lateral line (vs. 5 series) and greater distance between the anus and the anal fin; from C. fasciatum and C. kamakan, by the smaller body depth at the dorsal-fin origin, at the anal-fin origin, and at the caudal peduncle; from C. hasemani, by the short distances between the tip of the snout and the pelvic fin, the tip of the snout and the anal fin, and the tip of the snout and the tip of anal fin. The new species forms a presumably monophyletic group with C. alipioi and C. kamakan.

Ficha de Characidium cricarense

“…Estados Bahia, Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais Biomas Mata Atlântica Bacias Hidrográficas Sub-bacia Doce, Sub-bacia Litoral BA ES Endêmica do Brasil: Sim Characidium cricarense é conhecida da bacia do rio Doce e dos rios costeiros dos estados da Bahia, Espírito Santo e Minas Gerais, Brasil (Malanski et al, 2019;Silva et al, 2020;SpeciesLink, 2021).…”

“…A localidade-tipo da espécie é a Cachoeira do Inferno, na bacia do rio São Mateus, estado do Espirito Santo (Malanski et al, 2019).…”

“…Mesmo após o desastre de mineração ocorrido na bacia do rio Doce, onde Characidium cricarense pode ocorrer, não há ameaças específicas à espécie em toda a área de distribuição (Malanski et al, 2019)…”

Same information, new applications: revisiting primers for the avian COI gene and improving DNA barcoding identification

“…Studies such as wildlife forensics (Gonçalves et al, 2015) and identification of species through feces (Joo & Park, 2012) or from highly degraded historical samples (Patel et al, 2010) that do not have a focal taxa within birds and can recover any species must choose primers that are capable of covering great number of bird orders, if not all of them. On the other hand, studies focused on a specific taxonomic group, such as phylogenetics (Huang et al, 2016) and new species recovery (Malanski et al, 2019), do not demand coverage broad primers and can use primers designed specifically for the group of interest which have been proven useful for them.…”

A new species of miniature Characidium (Characiformes: Crenuchidae) from the upper Rio Paraguay basin, Mato Grosso state, Brazil

“…70 valid species (Zanata et al ., ) widely distributed from eastern Panama to north‐eastern Argentina (Buckup, ). Most species inhabit fast‐flowing streams with rocky or sandy substrates (Malanski et al ., ). After Buckup (, ), who redefined the genus in a phylogenetic framework, 27 new species of Characidium were described (see Fricke et al ., ; Malanski et al ., ).…”