A New Species of Cleisostoma (Orchidaceae) from the Hon Ba Nature Reserve in Vietnam: A Multidisciplinary Assessment

Ponert, Jiří; Trávníček, Pavel; Trương, Bá Vương; Rybková, Romana; Suda, Jan

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0150631

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Cleisostoma comprises approximately 110 species widely distributed from mainland tropical and subtropical regions of Asia, Malaysia, Indonesia, and the Philippines to Japan, Western Pacific islands and Australia ( Ponert et al., 2016 ). There are 18 species in China four of which are endemic ( Huang et al., 2020 ).…”

Section: Taxonomic Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Taxonomy notes on Vandeae (Orchidaceae) from China: Five new species and two new records

et al. 2021

Plant Diversity

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Five new species ( Gastrochilus yei , Gastrochilus minimus , Luisia simaoensis , Taeniophyllum xizangense , Tuberolabium subulatum ) and two newly recorded species ( Cleisostoma tricornutum , Luisia inconspicua ) of Vandeae (Orchidaceae) from China are described and illustrated. Gastrochilus yei is similar to G. affinis and G. nepalensis , but differs from them by having an epichile not lobed, the apex of the hypochile not bilobed, and a tine on the apex of the leaf. Gastrochilus minimus is similar to G. acinacifolius , but can be distinguished from the latter by having a flabellate epichile that is densely hirsute on the adaxial surface and an inconspicuous central cushion; in addition, the hypochile of G. minimus has a keel that extends to the apex of the epichile. Taeniophyllum xizangense is similar to T. stella and T. radiatum , but it is distinguished from them by having much bigger flowers, inflorescences densely covered with short-bristly hairs, papillae on the external surface of sepals, and bigger triangular-ovate viscidium. Luisia simaoensis is similar to L. magniflora and L. ramosii , but can be easily distinguished from them by having lateral sepals longer than dorsal sepals and petals, lip with irregular and waved margins, and lip with bilobed apex. Luisia inconspicua is moved from Gastrochilus to Luisia based on phylogenetic analyses of plastid matK sequence data. Tuberolabium subulatum is similar to T. carnosum , but it can be easily distinguished from the latter by having an inflorescence much shorter than the leaves, yellow sepals and petals, and many small papillae outside the lip lobes.

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Section: Taxonomic Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Taxonomy notes on Vandeae (Orchidaceae) from China: Five new species and two new records

et al. 2021

Plant Diversity

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“…Epiphytic orchids produce roots that either remain aerial (i.e., free-hanging and not attached) or attach to a substrate. Several studies noted that attached roots are no longer spherical in shape: roots become hemispherical, with one side flattened to follow the contours of the substrate, with root hairs being restricted to the side in contact with the substrate (e.g., Dycus and Knudson, 1957;Stern and Judd, 1999;Stern, 2014;Ponert et al, 2016;Thangavelu and Ayyasamy, 2017;Balachandar et al, 2019a;Deseo et al, 2020). Root hairs of epiphytic orchids have been reported in older parts of the root as well (Dycus and Knudson, 1957;Almeida et al, 2016), further indicating that the root hairs may have other functions beside nutrient and water uptake.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Getting a Grip on the Adhesion Mechanism of Epiphytic Orchids – Evidence From Histology and Cryo-Scanning Electron Microscopy

Tay

Zotz

Gorb

et al. 2021

Front. For. Glob. Change

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Plants and animals evolve different attachment structures and strategies for reversible or permanent adhesion to different substrate types. For vascular epiphytes, having the ability to permanently attach to their host plants is essential for establishment and survival. Unlike mistletoe roots, roots of vascular epiphytes do not penetrate the host tissues but instead achieve attachment by growing in close contact to the surface of the substrate. However, the fundamental understanding of the attachment functions of epiphytic roots remains scarce, where majority of studies focused on the general root morphology, their functional properties and the descriptions of associated microbial endophytes. To date, research on attachment strategies in plants is almost entirely limited to climbers. Therefore, this study aims to fill the knowledge gap and elucidate the attachment functions of roots of epiphytic orchids. With the use of histology and high-resolution cryo-scanning electron microscopy (cryo-SEM) technique with freeze fracturing, the intimate root-bark substrate interface of epiphytic orchid Epidendrum nocturnum Jacq was investigated. Results showed a flattened underside of the root upon contact with the substrate surface, and the velamen layer appeared to behave like a soft foam, closely following the contours of the substrate. Root hairs emerged from the outermost velamen layer and entered into the crevices in the substrate, whenever possible. A layer of amorphous substance (glue-like substance) was observed on the surface of the root hairs. Combining the observations from this study and knowledge from previous studies, we hypothesised that epiphytic orchid roots produced a layer of glue-like substance to adhere the root to the substrate. Then root hairs are produced and enter into the voids and crevices of the substrate. This further generates a mechanical interlocking mechanism between root and substrate, thus reinforcing the attachment of the root (and hence the whole plant) to its substrate.

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“…Only a few studies implicitly explored the attachment mechanism of epiphytic plants to their substrate. Orchids, aroids, and bromeliads have noticeable root hairs that emerge only from the side of the root that is in direct contact with the substrate (Dycus and Knudson, 1957; Benzing, 1970; Brighigna et al, 1990; Mathews et al, 1997; Stern and Judd, 1999; Stern, 2014; Ponert et al, 2016; Muthukumar and Kowsalya, 2017; Deseo et al, 2020). Root hairs of an epiphytic orchid were observed to enter microcrevices on the substrate surface, providing some degree of interlocking mechanism between the root and substrate (Tay et al, 2021), contributing to the overall anchoring strength of the plant to its host.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Holding on or falling off: The attachment mechanism of epiphytic Anthurium obtusum changes with substrate roughness

Tay

Kovalev

Zotz

et al. 2022

American J of Botany

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Premise: For vascular epiphytes, secure attachment to their hosts is vital for survival. Yet studies detailing the adhesion mechanism of epiphytes to their substrate are scarce. Examination of the root hair-substrate interface is essential to understand the attachment mechanism of epiphytes to their substrate. This study also investigated how substrate microroughness relates to the root-substrate attachment strength and the underlying mechanism(s). Methods: Seeds of Anthurium obtusum were germinated, and seedlings were transferred onto substrates made of epoxy resin with different defined roughness. After 2 months of growth, roots that adhered to the resin tiles were subjected to anchorage tests, and root hair morphology at different roughness levels was analyzed using light and cryo scanning electron microscopy. Results: The highest maximum peeling force was recorded on the smooth surface (glass replica, 0 µm). Maximum peeling force was significantly higher on fine roughness (0, 0.3, 12 µm) than on coarse (162 µm). Root hair morphology varied according to the roughness of the substrate. On smoother surfaces, root hairs were flattened to achieve large surface contact with the substrate. Attachment was mainly by adhesion with the presence of a glue-like substance. On coarser surfaces, root hairs were tubular and conformed to spaces between the asperities on the surface. Attachment was mainly via mechanical interlocking of root hairs and substrate. Conclusions: This study demonstrates for the first time that the attachment mechanism of epiphytes varies depending on substrate microtopography, which is important for understanding epiphyte attachment on natural substrates varying in roughness.

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A New Species of Cleisostoma (Orchidaceae) from the Hon Ba Nature Reserve in Vietnam: A Multidisciplinary Assessment

Cited by 9 publications

References 53 publications

Taxonomy notes on Vandeae (Orchidaceae) from China: Five new species and two new records

Taxonomy notes on Vandeae (Orchidaceae) from China: Five new species and two new records

Getting a Grip on the Adhesion Mechanism of Epiphytic Orchids – Evidence From Histology and Cryo-Scanning Electron Microscopy

Holding on or falling off: The attachment mechanism of epiphytic Anthurium obtusum changes with substrate roughness

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