A new species of Echinoderes (Cyclorhagida: Echinoderidae) from the San Juan Islands, Washington State, USA, and insights into the kinorhynch transcriptome

Varney, Rebecca M.; Funch, Peter; Kocot, Kevin M.; Sørensen, Martin V.

doi:10.1016/j.jcz.2019.06.003

Cited by 6 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Absence of female papillae could be positively confirmed for Cephalorhyncha teresae all species of Meristoderes Herranz et al, 2012. Presence of female papillae is likewise uncertain for the two small and laterally compressed species Cephalorhyncha liticola and C. flosculosa Yildiz et al, 2016. For the species-rich genus Echinoderes the presence of female papillae are confirmed for all species included in the presence study (Table 20). From more recent studies we also have positive confirmation of female papillae from all species of the Echinoderes spinifurca group (see Landers & Sørensen 2018;Sørensen et al 2018;Varney et al 2019), from E. multiporus Yamasaki et al, 2018 (segment 8) and in E. schwieringae Yamasaki et al, 2019 (segments 7-8) (see Yamasaki et al, 2018a. In addition to these, the interactive key of Yamasaki et al (2020a) confirms the presence of female papillae in E. krishnaswarmyi (segments 7-8), E. neospinosus G a Ordóñez et al, 2008 (segments 7-8), and E. truncatus Higgins, 1983 (segments 6-8).…”

Section: Female Papillaesupporting

confidence: 54%

“…Echinoderes pilosus only shares spine/tube and glandular cell outlet type 2 pattern with four additional species, i.e., Echinoderes kohni Varney et al, 2019, E. lupherorum Sørensen et al, 2018, E. microaperturus Sørensen et al, 2012and E. yamasakii Sørensen et al, 2018(see Sørensen et al 2012Varney et al 2019). However, these four species all belong to the Echinoderes spinifurca species group, which are characterized by species with conspicuous acicular tergal extensions (see Landers & Sørensen 2018;Sørensen et al 2018).…”

Section: Differential Notes On E Pilosusmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Description, redescription and revision of sixteen putatively closely related species of Echinoderes (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida), with the proposition of a new species group – the Echinoderes dujardinii group

Sørensen

Goetz

Herranz

et al. 2020

EJT

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1,546

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Thirteen species of Echinoderes with nearly identical spine/tube patterns, and apparently similar tergal extensions were re-examined and compared. Based on this, redescriptions and/or emended species diagnoses are provided for Echinoderes aureus, E. dujardinii, E. gerardi, E. imperforatus, E. pacificus, E. pilosus, E. sensibilis, E. sublicarum and E. worthingi, and new details about cuticular structures are added for E. kozloffi and E. gizoensis. The new information derived from the redescriptions, and the subsequent comparative studies revealed that: 1) the holotype of Echinoderes lanceolatus is identical with the types of Echinoderes aureus, and E. lanceolatus is thus a junior synonym of E. aureus; other potentially synonymous species that should be addressed further in the future include: E. dujardinii + E. gerardi; E. imperforatus + E. sensibilis, and E. pacificus + E. sublicarum; 2) the paratypes of E. lanceolatus represented a different yet undescribed species, here described as E. songae Sørensen & Chang sp. nov.; 3) a comparison with literature information about E. ehlersi showed that the species is so insufficiently described that a redescription of topotype material is required before the species should be considered for taxonomic comparison; 4) specimens from the Andaman Islands, India, that previously have been reported as Echinoderes cf. ehlersi represent two different undescribed species, of which one is described as E. chandrasekharai Sørensen & Chatterjee sp. nov. and the other is left undescribed due to the limited material available; 5) out of a total of fifteen addressed species, it is proposed that eleven represent a putatively monophyletic group that is named the Echinoderes dujardinii group. The group includes following species: E. dujardinii, E. ehlersi, E. gerardi, E. imperforatus, E. kozloffi, E. sensibilis, E. pacificus, E. sublicarum, E. songae Sørensen & Chang sp. nov., E. chandrasekharai Sørensen & Chatterjee sp. nov., and Echinoderes sp. from the Andaman Islands, and is supported by a similar spine/tube pattern (except for variation regarding the presence of lateral accessory tubes on segment 8); generally short middorsal spines, especially on segments 4 to 6; glandular cell outlets type 1 always present in middorsal positions on segments 1 to 3, and in subdorsal positions on segments 4 to 9; glandular cell outlets type 2 always present in laterodorsal or midlateral positions on segment 8, and sometimes in same positions on segment 9 but never at any other segments or positions; female papillae always present on sternal plates of segments 7 and 8, and occasionally also on segment 6; tergal extensions well-spaced, triangular, gradually tapered cones, and pectinate fringes of sternal extensions are differentiated into seta-like tufts. The comparisons furthermore showed potential taxonomic significance of two echinoderid character traits that previously have been slightly neglected as diagnostic traits, namely the presence and appearance of female papillae, and the dorsal pattern of glandular cell outlets type 1. Female papillae may occur on the sternal plates of segments 6 to 8, but the positions may differ from ventrolateral to ventromedial, and the morphology of the intracuticular substructure also differ at species level. Information about position and morphology of female papillae proved helpful for species recognition, but it might also provide information of phylogenetic importance. Analyses of glandular cell outlet type 1 patterns on the dorsal sides of segments 1 to 9 in species of Echinoderidae, revealed several apparently unique or rare patterns, but also three distinct patterns that applied to larger groups of species. One pattern is the one present in all species of the E. dujardinii group, whereas the other two common patterns included 1) middorsal outlets on segments 1 to 3, and paradorsal outlets on segments 4 to 9 (found in 27 species), and 2) middorsal outlets on segments 1 to 3, 5 and 7, and paradorsal outlets on segments 4, 6 and 8 to 9 (found in 27 species)

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Section: Female Papillaesupporting

confidence: 54%

Section: Differential Notes On E Pilosusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Description, redescription and revision of sixteen putatively closely related species of Echinoderes (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida), with the proposition of a new species group – the Echinoderes dujardinii group

Sørensen

Goetz

Herranz

et al. 2020

EJT

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1,546

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“…The combination of these similarities suggests that they might be closely related to each other, representing the Echinoderes multiporus species group, as with the Echinoderes coulli species group and the Echinoderes spinifurca species group (see e.g. Sørensen et al ., 2018; Randsø et al ., 2019; Varney et al ., 2019). The presence/absence of female-specific ventrolateral/ventromedial papillae in E. kajiharai sp.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After the rearrangement of the classification system based on the recent molecular and morphological phylogenetic analyses, 11 families are recognized in the phylum (Sørensen et al ., 2015). Among the families, Echinoderidae represents the most speciose family, comprised of five genera and about 150 species (Sørensen et al ., 2015; Sánchez et al ., 2019; Varney et al ., 2019; Yamasaki et al ., 2019; Cepeda et al ., 2019 a , 2019 b , 2019 c ). Kinorhynch families, genera and some species-groups comprised of closely related species are distributed worldwide (Neuhaus, 2013; Randsø et al ., 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three new meiobenthic species from a submarine cave in Japan: Echinoderes gama, E. kajiharai and E. uozumii (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida)

2020

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Three new species of echinoderid kinorhynchs are described from Daidokutsu, a submarine cave in Ryukyu Islands, Japan. Echinoderes gama sp. nov. is characterized by the presence of middorsal acicular spines on segments 4–8; lateroventral acicular spines on segments 7–9; lateroventral tubes on segment 5; sublateral tubes on segment 8; laterodorsal tubes on segment 10; and type-2 gland cell outlets in subdorsal and lateroventral position on segment 2. Echinoderes kajiharai sp. nov. is defined by the presence of middorsal acicular spines on segments 4, 6, 8; lateral accessory acicular spines on segment 9; lateroventral acicular spines on segments 6–8; lateroventral tubes on segments 2 and 5; midlateral tubes on segment 10; and type-2 gland cell outlets in laterodorsal position on segments 2 and 5, and subdorsal position on segments 8 and 9. Echinoderes uozumii sp. nov. is characterized by the presence of middorsal acicular spines on segments 4 and 6; lateroventral acicular spines on segments 6–9; lateroventral tubes on segments 2 and 5; sublateral tubes on segment 8; laterodorsal tubes on segment 10; type-2 gland cell outlets in subdorsal and lateral accessory position on segment 2; and blunt, short pectinate fringe teeth of primary pectinate fringe on segment 1. In addition, the Echinoderes multiporus species group including E. kajiharai sp. nov., and the Echinoderes bispinosus species group including E. uozumii sp. nov. are established. Furthermore, the distribution of the two species groups and the origin of Echinoderes species in Daidokutsu are discussed.

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“…Some species of Echinoderes are also characterized by very long dagger-like tergal extensions. For instance, E. sylviae Landers & Sørensen, 2018 from the Gulf of Mexico, West Atlantic, and E. lupherorumSørensen et al, 2018 and E. kohni Varney, Funch, Kocot & from the North-East Pacific have tergal extensions about 7 and 8% of TL, respectively (seeSørensen et al 2018;Varney et al 2019). In E. higginsiHuys & Coomans, 1989 from the North Sea and E. spinifurcaSørensen et al, 2005 from the Gulf of Mexico these extensions constitute about 11% of TL (seeHuys & Coomans 1989;Sørensen et al 2005).…”

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confidence: 99%

Echinoderes xiphophorus sp. nov. – the first deep-water representative of Echinoderidae in the Sea of Japan (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida)

Adrianov

Maiorova

2021

EJT

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A new species of echinoderid kinorhynchs, Echinoderes xiphophorus sp. nov. collected from oxidized brown silt at the deepest depression in the Sea of Japan, North-West Pacific, is described and illustrated using light and electron microscopy. This new representative of the most speciose kinorhynch genus is characterized by the unique set of spines and tubes and can easily be distinguished from most of its congeners. The second trunk segment bears three pairs of tubes in subdorsal, midlateral and ventrolateral position in both sexes; one pair of tubes on trunk segment 5 in lateroventral position and on trunk segment 8 in sublateral position; aciculate lateroventral spines on trunk segments 6–9; aciculate middorsal spines on trunk segments 4, 6, 8. This species is well recognized by very long tergal extensions of the posteriormost segment, some of the longest within the family Echinoderidae. Males of Echinoderes xiphophorus sp. nov. are well distinguished from all the congeners by extremely long sword-like appendages dorsally to three pairs of penile spines. The species constitutes the first deep-sea representative of the Echinoderidae in the Sea of Japan and the deepest representative of the Kinorhyncha in this sea.

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A new species of Echinoderes (Cyclorhagida: Echinoderidae) from the San Juan Islands, Washington State, USA, and insights into the kinorhynch transcriptome

Cited by 6 publications

References 25 publications

Description, redescription and revision of sixteen putatively closely related species of Echinoderes (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida), with the proposition of a new species group – the Echinoderes dujardinii group

Description, redescription and revision of sixteen putatively closely related species of Echinoderes (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida), with the proposition of a new species group – the Echinoderes dujardinii group

Three new meiobenthic species from a submarine cave in Japan: Echinoderes gama, E. kajiharai and E. uozumii (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida)

Echinoderes xiphophorus sp. nov. – the first deep-water representative of Echinoderidae in the Sea of Japan (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida)

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