A new species of fossil lorisid from the miocene of east africa

Phillips, Erica M.; Walker, Alan

doi:10.1007/bf02557647

Cited by 44 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…The minimum age could possibly be as old as 19 Ma if Mioeuoticus (Leakey in Bishop 1962 ; Walker 1978 ) represents a crown lorisid ( Harrison 2010b ). Fossil lorisids are known from the early to middle Miocene in Africa ( Phillips and Walker 2000 , 2002 ; Harrison 2010b ) and from the late Miocene of Pakistan ( Jacobs 1981 ). The divergence of lorisoids is unlikely to have occurred before the first appearance of the potential stem lorisid Karanisia at BQ-2 in Egypt ( Seiffert et al 2003 ).…”

Section: Hominini | Homo-pan | 75 Ma–10 Ma | Samentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Phylogenomic Data to Explore the Effects of Relaxed Clocks and Calibration Strategies on Divergence Time Estimation: Primates as a Test Case

et al. 2018

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Primates have long been a test case for the development of phylogenetic methods for divergence time estimation. Despite a large number of studies, however, the timing of origination of crown Primates relative to the Cretaceous–Paleogene (K–Pg) boundary and the timing of diversification of the main crown groups remain controversial. Here, we analysed a data set of 372 taxa (367 Primates and 5 outgroups, 3.4 million aligned base pairs) that includes nine primate genomes. We systematically explore the effect of different interpretations of fossil calibrations and molecular clock models on primate divergence time estimates. We find that even small differences in the construction of fossil calibrations can have a noticeable impact on estimated divergence times, especially for the oldest nodes in the tree. Notably, choice of molecular rate model (autocorrelated or independently distributed rates) has an especially strong effect on estimated times, with the independent rates model producing considerably more ancient age estimates for the deeper nodes in the phylogeny. We implement thermodynamic integration, combined with Gaussian quadrature, in the program MCMCTree, and use it to calculate Bayes factors for clock models. Bayesian model selection indicates that the autocorrelated rates model fits the primate data substantially better, and we conclude that time estimates under this model should be preferred. We show that for eight core nodes in the phylogeny, uncertainty in time estimates is close to the theoretical limit imposed by fossil uncertainties. Thus, these estimates are unlikely to be improved by collecting additional molecular sequence data. All analyses place the origin of Primates close to the K–Pg boundary, either in the Cretaceous or straddling the boundary into the Palaeogene.

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Section: Hominini | Homo-pan | 75 Ma–10 Ma | Samentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Phylogenomic Data to Explore the Effects of Relaxed Clocks and Calibration Strategies on Divergence Time Estimation: Primates as a Test Case

et al. 2018

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“…The ranges of body mass estimates are 0.46-1.39 kg for M. kichotoi, 0.75-1.72 kg for M. shipmani, and 0.58-0.84 kg for M. bishopi. The multiregression formula gives body mass estimates as 0.70 kg for M. kichotoi, Phillips and Walker (2000). shipmani is apparently much heavier than the other two species.…”

Section: Body Mass Estimatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fossil lorisiforms are known from Africa and South Asia. In Africa, there are three genera (one lorisid: Mioeuoticus, and two galagids: Progalago, Komba) from the Early to early Middle Miocene (20-15 Ma), and one genus (Galago) from the Plio-Pleistocene (Phillips and Walker, 2000;Harrison, 2010). In Egypt, Pickford et al (2006) reported the presence of Galago in the Late Miocene (~10 Ma).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this article, we describe a new species of Mioeuoticus, based on material discovered from the early Middle Miocene deposits in Nachola, northern Kenya. Previously, this genus was known only from the Early Miocene, including two species, one from Napak I in Uganda (M. bishopi, ~19-18 Ma) and the other from Rusinga Island (M. shipmani, ~18 Ma) in Kenya (Phillips and Walker, 2000). In addition, Harrison (2010) proposed that the specimens previously assigned to Progalago songhorensis from Songhor and Rusinga in Kenya (~19-18 Ma) should be included in the hypodigm of M. bishopi.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A new species of <i>Mioeuoticus</i> (Lorisiformes, Primates) from the early Middle Miocene of Kenya

Kunimatsu

Tsujikawa

Nakatsukasa

et al. 2017

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We here describe a prosimian specimen discovered from the early Middle Miocene (~15 Ma) of Nachola, northern Kenya. It is a right maxilla that preserves P 4-M 3 , and is assigned to a new species of the Miocene lorisid genus Mioeuoticus. Previously, Mioeuoticus was known from the Early Miocene of East Africa. The Nachola specimen is therefore the first discovery of this genus from the Middle Miocene. The presence of a new lorisid species in the Nachola fauna indicates a forested paleoenvironment for this locality, consistent with previously known evidence including the abundance of large-bodied hominoid fossils (Nacholapithecus kerioi), the dominance of browsers among the herbivore fauna, and the presence of plenty of petrified wood.

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Reconstructing the evolutionary history of the Lorisidae using morphological, molecular, and geological data

Masters

Anthony

Wit

et al. 2005

Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.

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Major aspects of lorisid phylogeny and systematics remain unresolved, despite several studies (involving morphology, histology, karyology, immunology, and DNA sequencing) aimed at elucidating them. Our study is the first to investigate the evolution of this enigmatic group using molecular and morphological data for all four well-established genera: Arctocebus, Loris, Nycticebus, and Perodicticus. Data sets consisting of 386 bp of 12S rRNA, 535 bp of 16S rRNA, and 36 craniodental characters were analyzed separately and in combination, using maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood. Outgroups, consisting of two galagid taxa (Otolemur and Galagoides) and a lemuroid (Microcebus), were also varied. The morphological data set yielded a paraphyletic lorisid clade with the robust Nycticebus and Perodicticus grouped as sister taxa, and the galagids allied with Arctocebus. All molecular analyses maximum parsimony (MP) or maximum likelihood (ML) which included Microcebus as an outgroup rendered a paraphyletic lorisid clade, with one exception: the 12S + 16S data set analyzed with ML. The position of the galagids in these paraphyletic topologies was inconsistent, however, and bootstrap values were low. Exclusion of Microcebus generated a monophyletic Lorisidae with Asian and African subclades; bootstrap values for all three clades in the total evidence tree were over 90%. We estimated mean genetic distances for lemuroids vs. lorisoids, lorisids vs. galagids, and Asian vs. African lorisids as a guide to relative divergence times. We present information regarding a temporary land bridge that linked the two now widely separated regions inhabited by lorisids that may explain their distribution. Finally, we make taxonomic recommendations based on our results.

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A new species of fossil lorisid from the miocene of east africa

Cited by 44 publications

References 9 publications

Using Phylogenomic Data to Explore the Effects of Relaxed Clocks and Calibration Strategies on Divergence Time Estimation: Primates as a Test Case

Using Phylogenomic Data to Explore the Effects of Relaxed Clocks and Calibration Strategies on Divergence Time Estimation: Primates as a Test Case

A new species of <i>Mioeuoticus</i> (Lorisiformes, Primates) from the early Middle Miocene of Kenya

Reconstructing the evolutionary history of the Lorisidae using morphological, molecular, and geological data

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