A new species ofAtriophallophorusDeblock &amp; Rosé, 1964 (Trematoda: Microphallidae) described fromin vitro-grown adults and metacercariae fromPotamopyrgus antipodarum(Gray, 1843) (Mollusca: Tateidae)

Blasco‐Costa, Isabel; Seppälä, Katri; Feijen, Frida; Zajac, Natalia; Klappert, Kirsten; Jokela, Jukka

doi:10.1017/s0022149x19000993

Cited by 13 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…The results of Koskella and Lively [14] are suggestive: over five generations of experimental coevolution, the trematode Atriophallophorus winterbourni (formerly Microphallus sp. : [15]) evolved to specifically attack the most common clone in a diverse population of the snail Potamopyrgus antipodarum. The next critical step is to determine if this result is repeatable across different host genotypes: parasites should evolve to attack common over rare host genotypes, regardless of the host genotypes in question.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An experimental test of parasite adaptation to common versus rare host genotypes

et al. 2020

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A core hypothesis in coevolutionary theory proposes that parasites adapt to specifically infect common host genotypes. Under this hypothesis, parasites function as agents of negative frequency-dependent selection, favouring rare host genotypes. This parasite-mediated advantage of rarity is key to the idea that parasites maintain genetic variation and select for outcrossing in host populations. Here, we report the results of an experimental test of parasite adaptation to common versus rare host genotypes. We selected the bacterial parasite Serratia marcescens to kill Caenorhabdiis elegans hosts in uneven mixtures of host genotypes. To examine the effect of commonness itself, independent of host identity, each of four host genotypes was represented as common or rare in experimental host mixtures. After experimental selection, we evaluated a parasite line's change in virulence—the selected fitness trait—on its rare and common host genotypes. Our results were consistent with a slight advantage for rare host genotypes: on average, parasites lost virulence against rare genotypes but not against common genotypes. The response varied substantially, however, with distinct patterns across host genotype mixtures. These findings support the potential for parasites to impose negative frequency-dependent selection, while emphasizing that the cost of being common may vary with host genotype.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An experimental test of parasite adaptation to common versus rare host genotypes

et al. 2020

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“…2 ) ( Galaktionov and Dobrovolskij 2003 ; Lee et al. 2013 ; International Helminth Genomes Consortium 2019 ; Blasco-Costa et al. 2020 ).…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

“…Microphallus sp. or Microphallus livelyi ) is a digenean trematode parasite native to the lakes of New Zealand ( Blasco-Costa et al. 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene Duplication and Gain in the Trematode Atriophallophorus winterbourni Contributes to Adaptation to Parasitism

Zajac

Zoller

Seppälä

et al. 2021

Genome Biology and Evolution

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Gene duplications and novel genes have been shown to play a major role in helminth adaptation to a parasitic lifestyle because they provide the novelty necessary for adaptation to a changing environment, such as living in multiple hosts. Here we present the de novo sequenced and annotated genome of the parasitic trematode Atriophallophorus winterbourni and its comparative genomic analysis to other major parasitic trematodes. First, we reconstructed the species phylogeny, and dated the split of A. winterbourni from the Opisthorchiata suborder to approximately 237.4 MYA (± 120.4 MY). We then addressed the question of which expanded gene families and gained genes are potentially involved in adaptation to parasitism. To do this, we used Hierarchical Orthologous Groups to reconstruct three ancestral genomes on the phylogeny leading to A. winterbourni and performed a GO enrichment analysis of the gene composition of each ancestral genome, allowing us to characterize the subsequent genomic changes. Out of the 11,499 genes in the A. winterbourni genome, as much as 24% have arisen through duplication events since the speciation of A. winterbourni from the Opisthorchiata, and as much as 31.9% appear to be novel, i.e. newly acquired. We found 13 gene families in A. winterbourni to have had more than 10 genes arising through these recent duplications; all of which have functions potentially relating to host behavioural manipulation, host tissue penetration, and hiding from host immunity through antigen presentation. We identified several families with genes evolving under positive selection. Our results provide a valuable resource for future studies on the genomic basis of adaptation to parasitism and point to specific candidate genes putatively involved in antagonistic host-parasite adaptation.

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“…Potamopyrgus antipodarum hosts a diverse community of trematode parasites (Hechinger, 2012; Winterbourn, 1974), including Atriophallophorus winterbourni Blasco‐Costa et al (2019) (formerly referred to as Microphallus sp.). This parasite has a two‐host life cycle, in which P. antipodarum is the intermediate host.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogeography and cryptic species structure of a locally adapted parasite in New Zealand

et al. 2022

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The phylogeographic patterns of many taxa on New Zealand's South Island are characterized by disjunct distributions that have been attributed to Pleistocene climatic cycles and the formation of the Southern Alps. Pleistocene glaciation has been implicated in shaping the contemporary genetic differentiation between populations of the aquatic snail Potamopyrgus antipodarum. We investigated whether similar phylogeographic patterns exist for the snail's locally adapted trematode parasite, Atriophallophorus winterbourni. We found evidence for a barrier to gene‐flow in sympatry between cryptic, but ecologically divergent species. When focusing on the most common of these species, disjunct geographic distributions are found for mitochondrial lineages that diverged during the Pleistocene. The boundary between these distributions is found in the central part of the South Island and is reinforced by low cross‐alpine migration. Further support for a vicariant origin of the phylogeographic pattern was found when assessing nuclear multilocus SNP data. Nuclear and mitochondrial population differentiation was concordant in pattern, except for populations in a potential secondary contact zone. Additionally, we found larger than expected differentiation between nuclear‐ and mitochondrial‐based empirical Bayes FST estimates (global FST: 0.02 vs. 0.39 for nuclear and mitochondrial data, respectively). Population subdivision is theoretically expected to be stronger for mitochondrial genomes due to a smaller effective population size, but the strong difference here, together with mitonuclear discordance in a putative contact zone, is potentially indicative of divergent gene flow of nuclear and mitochondrial genomes.

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A new species ofAtriophallophorusDeblock & Rosé, 1964 (Trematoda: Microphallidae) described fromin vitro-grown adults and metacercariae fromPotamopyrgus antipodarum(Gray, 1843) (Mollusca: Tateidae)

Cited by 13 publications

References 81 publications

An experimental test of parasite adaptation to common versus rare host genotypes

An experimental test of parasite adaptation to common versus rare host genotypes

Gene Duplication and Gain in the Trematode Atriophallophorus winterbourni Contributes to Adaptation to Parasitism

Phylogeography and cryptic species structure of a locally adapted parasite in New Zealand

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