A new species of <i>Taricha</i> (Caudata: Salamandridae), from the Oligocene John Day Formation of Oregon

Naylor, Bruce G.

doi:10.1139/e79-084

Cited by 5 publications

(26 citation statements)

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“…Fossil fish and other aquatic creatures are common in lacustrine shales of both the Clarno and John Day Formations (Cavender, 1968;Naylor, 1979;Manchester and Meyer, 1987). These laminated shales are a very distinct sedimentary facies from paleosols.…”

Section: Traces Of Land Lifementioning

confidence: 99%

“…No fossil animals were found in Ticam paleosols in the Painted Hills. Fossil animals are rare within lake beds of the middle Big Basin Member of the John Day Formation and include aquatic forms such as fish, salamanders, and a frog, as well as terrestrial forms including a bat and insects (Brown, 1959;Naylor, 1979;Manchester and Meyer, 1987). Ticam paleosols were found within a stratigraphic interval of the Painted Hills that can be correlated with oreodont-dominated Orellan and Whitneyan mammal faunas .…”

Section: Alteration After Burialmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The flora of Yanwa paleosols is a subset of the early Oligocene Bridge Creek flora . Salamanders and frogs found in lake beds yielding the Bridge Creek flora (Brown, 1959;Naylor, 1979;Manchester and Meyer, 1987) are plausible inhabitants of swampy Yanwa paleosols. Yanwa paleosols have a stratigraphic range correlated with early Oligocene oreodont-dominated Orellan mammalian faunas .…”

Section: Yanwa Pedotype (Histic Humaquept)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Eocene and Oligocene Paleosols of Central Oregon

Retallack¹,

Bestland²,

Fremd³

1999

Eocene and Oligocene Paleosols of Central Oregon

141

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Scenic red color-banded claystones of the Clarno and Painted Hills areas of central Oregon are successions of fossil soils that preserve a record of Eocene-Oligocene paleoclimatic change. Conglomerates of the middle Eocene Clarno Formation near Clarno contain largely weakly developed paleosols compatible with an environment of volcanic lahars around a large stratovolcano. Deeply weathered paleosols (Ultisols) around a volcanic dome and overlying these conglomerates indicate a climate that was subtropical (mean annual temperature or MAT 23-25°C) and humid (mean annual precipitation or MAP of 900-2,000 mm). Comparable paleoclimates are indicated by fossil floras from the conglomerates, which show diversity and adaptive features similar to modern vegetation of Volcan San Martin, Mexico. An erosional disconformity in the Clarno area separates these older beds from less deeply weathered red paleosols (Alfisols) in the middle Eocene upper Clarno Formation. The change in paleosols may represent a decline in both temperature (MAT 19-23°C) and rainfall (MAP 900-1,350 mm), with dry seasons. Strongly developed lateritic paleosols (Oxisols and Ultisols) in the uppermost Clarno and lowermost John Day Formations in the Painted Hills record return to more humid conditions during the late Eocene. These paleosols are similar to soils of southern Mexico and Central America in climates that are subtropical (MAT 23-25° C) and humid (MAP 900-2,000 mm). Kaolinitic and iron-rich, red paleosols (Ultisols) of the lower Big Basin Member of the John Day Formation near Clarno and the Painted Hills are erosionally truncated and abruptly overlain by smectitic and tuffaceous paleosols (Inceptisols and Alfisols) of the middle Big Basin Member. This truncation surface can be correlated with the local Eocene-Oligocene boundary. Paleosols of the middle Big Basin Member are most like those of the Central Transmexican Volcanic Belt and indicate an early Oligocene paleoclimate appreciably cooler (MAT 16-18° C) and drier (MAP 600-1,200 mm) than during the late Eocene. Root traces and clay accumulations in the paleosols indicate forest vegetation, also evident from fossil leaves of the lake-margin Bridge Creek flora.The mid-Oligocene upper Big Basin Member of the John Day Formation includes distinctive brown as well as red paleosols (Alfisols). Its paleosols indicate a paleoclimate drier (MAP 500-700 mm) than before, and more grasses in the forest understory.Another erosional truncation marks the base of the late Oligocene (early Arikareean), olive-brown lower Turtle Cove Member of the John Day Formation. Calcareous paleosols with near-granular soil structure (Inceptisols and Aridisols) indicate an even

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Section: Traces Of Land Lifementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Alteration After Burialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Yanwa Pedotype (Histic Humaquept)mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Eocene and Oligocene Paleosols of Central Oregon

Retallack¹,

Bestland²,

Fremd³

1999

Eocene and Oligocene Paleosols of Central Oregon

141

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“…The pre-Pliocene fossil record of North American newts (Salamandridae, Tarichina) is sparse, especially west of the Rocky Mountains, yet it extends far back into the Oligocene (32–33 Ma). Previous morphological comparisons with extinct and extant North American salamanders recognized at least two species of fossil salamanders from Oregon’s early Oligocene deposits: Taricha oligocenica of the Mehama Formation in western Oregon (Van Frank, 1955), and Taricha lindoei of the John Day Formation in eastern Oregon (Naylor, 1979). Van Frank’s T .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A redescription and phylogenetic analysis based on new material of the fossil newtsTaricha oligocenicaVan Frank, 1955 andTaricha lindoeiNaylor, 1979 (Amphibia, Salamandridae) from the Oligocene of Oregon

Jacisin

Hopkins

2018

J. Paleontol.

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Complete body fossils of salamanders are relatively rare, but provide critical information on the evolutionary roots of extant urodele clades. We describe new specimens of the fossil salamandrids Taricha oligocenica Van Frank, 1955, and Taricha lindoei Naylor, 1979, from the Oligocene Mehama and John Day formations of Oregon that illustrate aspects of skeletal morphology previously unseen in these taxa, and contribute to our understanding of population-level variation. Morphological analysis of these specimens supports the classification of T. oligocenica and T. lindoei as two different species, distinct from extant Taricha. Parsimony-based, heuristic analysis of phylogeny using 108 morphological characters for 40 taxa yields different results from a phylogenetic analysis that excludes four taxa known only via vertebrae. Our smaller analysis generally agrees with molecular phylogenies of the family Salamandridae, but with poorer resolution for molgin newts, especially between Taricha and Notophthalmus. The analysis including all taxa produced polytomies mostly related to complications from several fossil taxa. The presence or absence of dorsally expanded, sculptured neural spine tables on trunk vertebrae, an important character in past descriptions of fossil salamandrids, appears to be either homoplastic within the Salamandridae, or requires an expansion of characters or character states. Taricha oligocenica and T. lindoei are separate species of an at least 33 million-year-old clade, but their relationships with each other and extant North American salamandrids remain unclear with current levels of morphological data. Salamandrid research requires additional morphological data, particularly for the vertebrae and ribs, to better resolve salamandrid evolutionary history through morphological characters.

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“…Abundant late Eocene and early Oligocene plant fossils are known from the Big Basin Member of the John Day Formation, but vertebrate fossils tend to be rare and highly fragmentary. Only two vertebrates have been described from Big Basin Member strata, a mudminnow, Novumbra oregonensis (Cavender, 1969), and a newt, Taricha lindoei (Naylor, 1979). The only figured mammal specimens from Big Basin strata are a partial entelodont jaw (Coleman, 1949) and fragments of an unidentified bat (Brown, 1959).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%